【摘要】：目的了解大學生死亡態(tài)度和生命意義現(xiàn)狀,探討大學生死亡態(tài)度和生命意義與相關影響因素的關系。 方法采用隨機抽樣的方法,以長沙市四所高校442名大學生為研究對象,現(xiàn)場完成死亡態(tài)度問卷、大學生生命意義問卷、羅森伯格自尊量表(SES)及內外控人格特質傾向量表。采用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進行處理,統(tǒng)計方法主要采用一般描述性分析、t檢驗、單因素方差分析、多重比較(LSD)、相關性分析、多元線性回歸。 結果(1)大學生死亡態(tài)度方面,中性接受排序第一,之后依次是死亡逃避、死亡恐懼、趨近接受和逃離接受。不同性別、宗教信仰、宗教虔誠度的大學生在死亡態(tài)度各維度上沒有顯著差異；不同身體健康狀況大學生在逃離接受上差異非常顯著,在死亡恐懼上差異顯著；不同自尊水平大學生在死亡恐懼、中性接受、逃離接受上差異非常顯著,在趨近接受上差異顯著；不同人格特質大學生在死亡恐懼、逃離接受上差異非常顯著,在死亡逃避上差異顯著；不同接觸死亡經(jīng)驗大學生在逃離接受上差異非常顯著,在死亡恐懼、趨近接受上差異顯著；家中討論死亡不同情形的大學生在死亡恐懼、死亡逃避、中性接受上差異顯著；閱讀有關討論“死亡”的書籍或文章不同情況大學生在死亡逃避上差異顯著。 (2)大學生總體生命意義處于良好的水平。在生命意義總分、成就、人際關系、自我超越上,女生非常顯著地高于男生；除了追求和親密關系,不同身體健康狀況大學生在生命意義總分及其他因子上差異非常顯著；不同宗教信仰、宗教虔誠度的大學生生命意義不存在顯著差異；不同自尊水平大學生在生命意義總分及所有因子上差異非常顯著；除了人際關系和追求,不同人格特質的大學生在生命意義總分及其他因子上差異顯著。 (3)死亡態(tài)度、生命意義及自尊、內外控人格的相關性：自尊與死亡恐懼、死亡逃避、趨近接受、逃離接受顯著負相關、與中性接受顯著正相關；內外控人格與死亡恐懼、逃離接受顯著正相關；死亡恐懼、趨近接受、逃離接受、內外控人格與生命意義總分顯著負相關；中性接受、自尊與生命意義總分顯著正相關；性別、健康狀況、自尊、內外控人格對生命意義有一定預測力；自尊、內外控人格對死亡恐懼有一定預測力；討論死亡情形、自尊、生命意義對中性接受有一定預測力；討論死亡情形、生命意義對趨近接受有一定預測力；健康狀況、討論死亡情形、生命意義對逃離接受有一定預測力。 結論(1)大學生死亡態(tài)度以中性接受為主,之后依次是死亡逃避、死亡恐懼、趨近接受、逃離接受；(2)大學生生命意義狀況良好；(3)自尊與死亡恐懼、死亡逃避、趨近接受、逃離接受顯著負相關、與中性接受顯著正相關；內外控人格與死亡恐懼、逃離接受顯著正相關；自尊與生命意義總分顯著正相關；內外控人格與生命意義總分顯著負相關；生命意義和死亡態(tài)度密切相關,生命意義越高,越能以中性接受的態(tài)度面對死亡,死亡恐懼、死亡逃避、趨近接受、逃離接受越低；(4)性別、健康狀況、自尊、內外控人格對生命意義有一定預測力；健康狀況、討論死亡情形、自尊、內外控人格、生命意義對死亡態(tài)度有一定預測力。
[Abstract]:Objective To understand the status quo of College Students'death attitude and life meaning, and to explore the relationship between College Students' death attitude and life meaning and related influencing factors.
Methods by random sampling, 442 college students in four colleges and universities in Changsha were selected as the subjects. The death attitude questionnaire, the life meaning questionnaire of college students, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (SES) and the internal and external personality trait tendency scale were used. The data were processed with SPSS17.0 statistics software. The statistical methods were mainly described in general description. Sex analysis, t test, one-way ANOVA, multiple comparison (LSD), correlation analysis, multiple linear regression.
Results (1) in terms of College Students' attitude to death, the order of neutral acceptance was first, followed by death evasion, death fear, approaching acceptance and escaping acceptance. There was no significant difference in all dimensions of death attitudes among college students with different sexes, religious beliefs and religious devotion, and the difference in escape acceptance between college students in different physical health conditions was very significant. There are significant differences in death fear; the difference in death fear, neutral acceptance and escape acceptance of college students with different self-esteem is significant, and there are significant differences in reaching acceptance. The differences in death fear and escape acceptance of college students with different personality traits are very significant, and the difference in death and death is significant; the experience of different contact death is big. There are significant differences in the students' escape acceptance. The difference in death fear and acceptance is significant. The difference of death fear, death escape, and neutral acceptance of college students with different deaths in the family is significant; reading about "death" books or articles in different circumstances students differ significantly in death escape.
(2) the overall life meaning of college students is at a good level. In the total score of life, achievement, interpersonal relationship and self transcendence, the female students are significantly higher than the boys; in addition to the relationship of pursuit and intimacy, the differences in the total score of life meaning and other factors of college students in different physical health conditions are very significant; different religious beliefs and religious devotion are very important. There is no significant difference in the life meaning of college students, and the difference in the total score and all factors of the students with different self-esteem is very significant. In addition to the interpersonal relationship and pursuit, the students with different personality traits have significant differences in the total score of life meaning and other factors.
(3) the attitude of death, life meaning and self-esteem, the correlation of internal and external personality: the fear of self esteem and death, death evasion, approaching acceptance, the significant negative correlation of escaping acceptance, the significant positive correlation with neutral acceptance; the significant positive correlation between the internal and external control personality and the fear of death; the fear of death, the approaching acceptance, the escape acceptance, the internal and external personality and birth. There was a significant negative correlation between the total score of life meaning, neutral acceptance, self-esteem and the total score of life significance; gender, health, self-esteem and internal and external personality had certain predictive power for the meaning of life; self-esteem and internal and external personality had certain predictive power to death fear; and the discussion of death, self-esteem and life meaning had certain predictive power to neutral acceptance. Discussing the death situation, the meaning of life has certain predictive power to approaching acceptance; the health condition, discussing the death situation, the meaning of life has certain predictive power to escape acceptance.
Conclusion (1) the death attitude of college students is mainly neutral, followed by death evasion, death fear, death fear, close acceptance, escape acceptance; (2) college students' life significance is good; (3) self-esteem and death fear, death evasion, approaching acceptance, escape reception significant negative correlation, significant positive correlation with neutral acceptance; internal and external control personality and death fear There was significant positive correlation between flee and flee acceptance; self-esteem was positively correlated with the total score of life meaning; internal and external control personality was negatively correlated with the total score of life meaning; life meaning and death attitude were closely related, the higher the life meaning, the more neutral acceptance of the attitude to death, death fear, death evasion, approaching acceptance, the lower the escape acceptance; (4) Gender, health status, self-esteem and internal and external personality have certain predictive power for the meaning of life; health status, discussion of death, self-esteem, internal and external personality, life meaning have certain predictive power to the attitude of death.
【學位授予單位】：中南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：B844.2

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