本文關(guān)鍵詞：大學視野中的新文學　出處：《北京大學》2007年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 北平 大學 文學生產(chǎn) 學院派 左翼

【摘要】： 本文的研究對象是1930年代北平的大學教育與文學生產(chǎn),主要是以大學為視角,考察北伐后到抗戰(zhàn)前(1928-1937)這十年北平的新文學活動。這一時期的北平被稱為“文化城”或“大學城”,文學活動往往是在各大學中展開的;在時空上以1930年代的北平為范圍,描述和分析大學參與到新文學的想像和再生產(chǎn)中去的不同層面,是本文的主要任務(wù)。大體而言,本文從兩個層面來考察“大學視野中的新文學”:作為知識生產(chǎn)的場所,大學通過學術(shù)研究和課程設(shè)置,生產(chǎn)著有關(guān)新文學的各種知識、觀念和歷史敘述;而作為由教師和學生組成的“文化共同體”,大學又為新文學再生產(chǎn)創(chuàng)造了諸如文學社團、刊物、師生關(guān)系、人際網(wǎng)絡(luò)等制度性的條件。 本文在結(jié)構(gòu)上即遵循此一思路,大體上分為前后兩個部分。前三章以北大、清華等學術(shù)化取向較為明顯的大學為中心,討論大學有關(guān)新文學的知識生產(chǎn),為新文學提供了怎樣的視野,其中涉及新文學中“傳統(tǒng)/現(xiàn)代”、“中/西”等諸多命題。后兩章則將對象擴展到北平師大、中國大學等學術(shù)等級較低的學校,以及大學外的文藝青年,分析不同大學中文學群體從事文學活動的不同策略,以及背后蘊含著權(quán)力關(guān)系的制度性條件。通過引入場域的角度,本文試圖說明,在1930年代的特定歷史條件下,北平各大學間存在著一個分化的場域結(jié)構(gòu),人們對于新文學的想像,以及他們參與新文學的方式,總是和他們在這一場域結(jié)構(gòu)中的位置緊密相關(guān)。 引論部分首先對作為背景的五四以來新文學與大學之關(guān)系略加梳理,以便將本文的研究對象置于更長時段考察,并由此引伸出研究思路。繼而交待本文的框架結(jié)構(gòu)和研究方法,并對相關(guān)的學術(shù)史進行清理。 第一章主要以北大、清華兩校為對象,考察它們的文學課程及其包含的文學想象。由于學術(shù)專業(yè)化的趨勢,兩校的國文系課程仍多以“國學”為主體,方法上則以趨向于歷史考據(jù)的“科學方法”為主,而于文學自身的品評鑒賞則置之度外。加之五四反傳統(tǒng)的“范式壓力”,傳統(tǒng)難以成為新文學的資源,主事者雖有心在國文系中引入新文學,基本上仍以失敗告終。與此形成對比,當時外文系則以文學為本位,尤為引人矚目的是對歐美現(xiàn)代主義的大力引介,開拓了新文學的資源,刺激了對傳統(tǒng)的重新發(fā)現(xiàn),由此形成的“普遍性的視野”,構(gòu)成了對五四反傳統(tǒng)范式的超越。 第二章則選擇文學批評為個案,討論當時的文學批評與學院文學教育之關(guān)系。新文學早期的文學批評主要注重于觀念的表達和體系的建立,文學批評的過于觀念化,引起了不少人的反思。1930年代北平的批評界,發(fā)出了把批評重心放到作品上的呼聲,轉(zhuǎn)而試圖建立起以具體作品為批評對象的“實際批評”,這一批評立場背后,其實有很強的學院背景。本章主要涉及葉公超、瑞恰慈、李健吾、李長之等人,分析學院背景在其批評理路形成中的作用,而這一背景仍可歸結(jié)為前章所述“普遍性的視野”。 第三章則以新詩為例,分析新文學背景的學者的學術(shù)研究和新文學之間的對話關(guān)系。對于胡適、朱自清及《歌謠》周圍的學人來說,他們面臨的主要任務(wù)是將新詩納入到整個文學史的敘述中去,其中種種縫隙和緊張仍昭昭可見;而朱光潛、梁宗岱等西學背景的學人,通過將西學轉(zhuǎn)化為某種普遍性的知識,于無形中化解了困擾新詩乃至新文學的“中/西”“新/舊”的溝通和彌合問題。本章同時討論了當時的“讀詩會”這一具體的空間,不同學術(shù)背景的學人在這一空間的對話,亦使得新/舊、中/西呈現(xiàn)出融合匯通的態(tài)勢。 第四章考察了當時北平各大學中兩種文學空間:社團和人際網(wǎng)絡(luò)。早期新文學的校園文學活動主要通過社團進行,北大、清華莫不如是,進入1930年代后,由于學術(shù)專業(yè)化的壓力和國民政府的有意控制,以及新文學自身格局的變化,北大、清華等校中的學生文學社團漸趨萎縮,取而代之的是一種松散的人際網(wǎng)絡(luò)。而在北平師大、中國大學等校中,帶有左翼色彩的文藝社團活動仍相當活躍,并伴隨著一二九運動浮出地表,但由于和政治運動之間的復(fù)雜糾葛,他們的文學創(chuàng)作卻難以進入到文學場中。 第五章則在更大的范圍內(nèi),從場域的角度,探討當時北平文壇兩個主要的文學群體——“學院派”和學院外的“文藝青年”——的文學策略和文學立場,特別是表現(xiàn)在有關(guān)文類的等級觀念和文類的選擇傾向上,學院寫作以新詩為大宗,文藝青年則多集中于小說一途。作為兩者中介的是掌握著《大公報·文藝》等陣地的沈從文、蕭乾,他們編輯副刊的同時,也在行使著某種文類選擇和過濾的權(quán)力。 結(jié)語部分則試圖對“大學視野中的新文學”這一論題所包含的學術(shù)、政治及文學之間的復(fù)雜糾葛,作進一步的概括和提煉。特別是分析了作為1930年代北平文壇主體的學院派,其對新文學的想像(“普遍性的視野”),與他們面對現(xiàn)實政治的姿態(tài)以及自我定位之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)。然而,無論功過得失,隨著民族危機的日益嚴峻,學院派也面臨著越來越大的壓力,被迫調(diào)整著自己的姿態(tài),其結(jié)果則是最終走向解體。
[Abstract]:The research object of this paper is 1930s Peking University Education and literary production, mainly from the perspective of University, the northern expedition to study before the Anti Japanese War (1928-1937) of the ten new literature activities in Beijing. During this period, the city was called the "cultural city" or "University City", literary activities are often carried out in the University in 1930s; in time and space in University, different levels of description and analysis to the university to participate in the imagination and reproduction of new literature to, is the main task of this paper. In general, this paper examines the "New Literature" in perspective of University from two aspects: as knowledge production places. By setting the university academic research and curriculum, production of all kinds of knowledge about literature, concept and historical narrative; which is composed of teachers and students to create a "cultural community", such as University of literature for the reproduction of new literature Institutional conditions such as associations, publications, teacher-student relations, and interpersonal networks.
This paper is to follow this idea in structure, can be broadly divided into two parts. The first three chapters before and after taking Beijing University, Tsinghua University and other academic orientation is more obvious as the center of discussion about University new literary knowledge production, how to provide the vision for the new literature, which relates to the new literature "tradition / modern", "West" and many other propositions. The following two chapters extend the scope to Beijing Normal University, China university academic lower grade school, and University of foreign literary youth, different strategies of different literary groups in University Chinese school, and behind the institutional conditions of power relations through. The introduction of the field of view, this paper attempts to show that, in the specific historical conditions in 1930s, Beijing between the field structure of a differentiation, people think of the new literature, and the way they participate in the new literature, the total It is closely related to their position in this domain structure.
The introduction part firstly, since as the background of the new literature and the relationship between the 54 universities slightly in order, in order to study in a longer period of this study, and byextension research ideas. Then explain the framework and method of the study, and the relevant academic history for cleaning.
The first chapter mainly in Peking University, Tsinghua University, studying their literature course and the literary imagination. Because of the trend of academic professionalization, Chinese curriculum in the two schools were mostly Ancient Chinese Literature Search "as the main method is based on historical textual research tends to" scientific method ", and literary criticism appreciation was omitted. In addition to the 54 anti traditional" paradigm ", the traditional literature resources to become the new leader, although the heart in Chinese department in the introduction of new literature, basically still failed. In contrast, the Department of foreign languages is based on literary, particularly impressive is to introduce to European and American modernism, new literature resources, stimulated the rediscovery of traditional, thus forming a" universal vision ", which surpassed the 54 anti traditional paradigm.
The second chapter chooses the case of literary criticism, literary criticism and discussion at the College of literature education. The establishment of the system of literary expression and the beginning of the new literature criticism mainly focused on the concept of literary criticism is the concept, caused a lot of people on.1930 in the North Plain of critics, a focus on the criticism the work calls, and tried to establish the specific works as "practical criticism", behind this critical position, actually has a strong academic background. This chapter mainly involves Ye Gongchao, Richards, Li Jianwu, Li Changzhi et al. Analysis of background formed in its criticism of the role, and this the background and still be attributed to the previous chapter of "universal vision."
The third chapter in the new poetry as an example, the analysis between academic research and new literature background of the new literary scholars dialogue relationship. For Hu Shi, people around Zhu Ziqing and song < >, their main task is to face the new poetry into the whole history of literature narration, its gap and tension is still visible visible Zhu Guangqian, Liang Zongdai; people such as Western background, the western learning into a kind of universal knowledge, to resolve the problems of intangible in New Poetry and new literature "in the west" and "new / old" communication and Bridge problems. This chapter also discusses the "poetry reading" the specific the space, people learn different academic background dialogue in this space, but also makes the new / old, showing a fusion of Chinese / Western Huitong trend.
The fourth chapter investigates the two kinds of Beijing in the literary space: community and interpersonal networks. The campus literary activities of early new literature mainly through the association, Beijing University, Tsinghua University without exception, after entering in 1930s, due to control the pressure of academic professionalization and the government, as well as the changes, the new literary pattern of Peking University Tsinghua University, students in the literary community gradually declined and was replaced by a loose network. While in Beijing Normal University, China University, with left-wing literary societies is still very active, and accompanied by the 129 movement to the surface, but due to political entanglements and their movement. Literary creation is difficult to enter into literary field.
The fifth chapter in greater scope, from the field of literary perspective, Peking was two major literary groups -- the "school" and the school "literary youth" -- literary strategies and literary position, especially in the hierarchy and the tendency to choose the relevant genre. College writing new poetry, young artists are concentrated in a novel way. As the bridge between master "Ta Kung Pao literature > positions of Shen Congwen, Xiao Qian, editor of the supplement them at the same time, in the exercise of genre filtration power.
The conclusion part is trying to contain "New Literature" of University in the perspective of the topic of the academic complex entanglement between politics and literature, further summarized and refined. Especially analyzes the main academic literature of Peking in 1930s, the new literature imagination ("universal vision"). In the face of the intrinsic connection between the reality of political attitude and self orientation with them. However, whether success or failure, with national crisis deepening school is facing more and more pressure, were forced to adjust their attitude, the result is eventually disintegrated.

【學位授予單位】：北京大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：I206.6

【引證文獻】

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1 王大麗;張季鸞與托馬斯·巴恩斯新聞思想比較研究[D];華中科技大學;2011年

2 沈宏芬;葉公超詩學思想及其淵源[D];中南大學;2008年

3 許偉華;教育小說視野中的西南聯(lián)大校園文化[D];云南大學;2010年

4 陳麗媛;在小說中想象：大學的文學敘事及其教育意蘊[D];華東師范大學;2012年

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本文編號：1429595