【摘要】：當(dāng)前我國(guó)高等教育已經(jīng)進(jìn)入中等大眾化階段,在規(guī)模擴(kuò)大的同時(shí),如何有效統(tǒng)一“量”的擴(kuò)張與“質(zhì)”的保障,已成為高等教育迫切需要解決的重要問(wèn)題。就教育的層次結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō),高等教育處于教育結(jié)構(gòu)中的最高階段,并具有三大職能,即:人才培養(yǎng)、科學(xué)研究和社會(huì)服務(wù),高等教育不同于其他階段教育,與政府、社會(huì)和市場(chǎng)具有直接關(guān)系,這也是它的獨(dú)特性所在。雖然,高等教育規(guī)模擴(kuò)大促使適齡學(xué)生接受高等教育的機(jī)會(huì)增加,但是,河南高等院校存在不同程度的趨同現(xiàn)象,“千校一面”,在一定程度上阻礙了高等教育的健康發(fā)展。河南作為高等教育規(guī)模大省,但是人才培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量卻不高,要實(shí)現(xiàn)“教育治理現(xiàn)代化”和“雙一流”的宏偉目標(biāo),消解高等教育同質(zhì)化問(wèn)題勢(shì)在必行。首先,對(duì)高等教育同質(zhì)化的核心概念進(jìn)行界定,明晰基本認(rèn)識(shí),論證實(shí)現(xiàn)高等教育去同質(zhì)化的價(jià)值意蘊(yùn),包括高等教育同質(zhì)化產(chǎn)生的背景以及實(shí)現(xiàn)高等教育去同質(zhì)化的意義。其次,本文采取文獻(xiàn)法和歷史分析法梳理河南高等教育的發(fā)展脈絡(luò),對(duì)河南高等教育發(fā)展作出基本評(píng)價(jià):注重發(fā)展規(guī)模,但特色不夠鮮明;注重人才培養(yǎng),但質(zhì)量不高;注重科研能力,但創(chuàng)新不強(qiáng);注重社會(huì)服務(wù),但能力不足;注重經(jīng)費(fèi)投入,但力度不夠。采取比較分析法和調(diào)查法,充分考慮到河南高等院校的層次、類(lèi)型,按照本科高校、獨(dú)立學(xué)院、高職高專(zhuān)、民辦本科院校的比例,采取分層抽樣的方法,從河南129所高等院校中選取14所作為研究對(duì)象。通過(guò)查閱文獻(xiàn)資料,整理問(wèn)卷和訪(fǎng)談資料,探析出河南高等院校在六個(gè)方面呈現(xiàn)不同程度的同質(zhì)化:教育理念、目標(biāo)定位、專(zhuān)業(yè)設(shè)置、培養(yǎng)模式、治理主體、大學(xué)文化。進(jìn)而發(fā)掘河南高等教育同質(zhì)化是由于政府對(duì)高等院校管辦評(píng)一體化,市場(chǎng)人才觀念落后以及高等院校自身發(fā)展定位模糊共同造成的。在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步分析高等教育同質(zhì)化對(duì)國(guó)家教育資源、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、人才結(jié)構(gòu)、人才培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量造成的消極影響。最后,對(duì)破解河南高等教育同質(zhì)化問(wèn)題進(jìn)行統(tǒng)籌定位,并確定其特色化發(fā)展的基本原則,進(jìn)而針對(duì)河南高等教育同質(zhì)化問(wèn)題提出有效的解決辦法:政府要重構(gòu)權(quán)力體系,發(fā)揮統(tǒng)籌權(quán),賦予高校自主權(quán),給予社會(huì)評(píng)價(jià)權(quán),實(shí)現(xiàn)管辦評(píng)分離;與此同時(shí),通過(guò)創(chuàng)建科學(xué)的社會(huì)評(píng)估體系,高校要適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)的人才需求以及改變傳統(tǒng)的家庭教育期待;高校要找準(zhǔn)自身定位,培育先進(jìn)理念,明確層次類(lèi)型,創(chuàng)新專(zhuān)業(yè)設(shè)置,重塑人才培養(yǎng)模式,建設(shè)特色校園文化,將政府、社會(huì)、學(xué)校和家庭形成合力,共同確立河南高等教育特色化發(fā)展的方向。
[Abstract]:At present, higher education in our country has entered the stage of middle popularization. At the same time, how to effectively unify the expansion of "quantity" and the guarantee of "quality" has become an important problem that needs to be solved urgently in higher education. In terms of the hierarchical structure of education, higher education is at the highest stage of the educational structure and has three major functions: talent training, scientific research and social services, higher education being different from other stages of education, and government. The society and the market have the direct relation, this also is its unique place. Although the expansion of the scale of higher education promotes the increase of opportunities for students of appropriate age to receive higher education, there is a phenomenon of convergence in different degrees in colleges and universities in Henan Province. "one side of thousands of schools" hinders the healthy development of higher education to a certain extent. Henan is a large province of higher education, but the quality of talent training is not high, so it is imperative to solve the problem of homogeneity of higher education in order to realize the grand goals of "educational governance modernization" and "double first-class". First of all, define the core concept of higher education homogenization, clarify the basic understanding, demonstrate the value implication of the realization of higher education de-homogenization, including the background of higher education homogenization and the significance of realizing higher education de-homogenization. Secondly, this paper combs the development of Henan higher education by literature method and historical analysis method, and makes a basic evaluation of Henan higher education development: pay attention to the scale of development, but the characteristics are not clear enough, pay attention to the cultivation of talents, but the quality is not high; Pay attention to scientific research ability, but innovation is not strong; pay attention to social service, but ability is insufficient; pay attention to fund input, but dynamics is not enough. Adopting the method of comparative analysis and investigation, taking fully into account the levels and types of colleges and universities in Henan, adopting the method of stratified sampling according to the proportion of undergraduate colleges, independent colleges, higher vocational colleges, private colleges and universities. From 129 colleges and universities in Henan Province, 14 colleges and universities were selected as the object of study. By consulting literature, arranging questionnaires and interviews, it is found that colleges and universities in Henan show different degrees of homogeneity in six aspects: educational concept, goal orientation, specialty setting, training model, governance subject, and university culture. Further, the homogeneity of higher education in Henan is caused by the integration of management and evaluation of colleges and universities by the government, the backward concept of market talents and the vague orientation of the development of colleges and universities themselves. On this basis, this paper further analyzes the negative effects of the homogeneity of higher education on national educational resources, social and economic development, talent structure and the quality of talent training. Finally, the author makes an overall plan to solve the problem of homogenization of higher education in Henan, determines the basic principles of its characteristic development, and then puts forward an effective solution to the problem of homogenization of higher education in Henan: the government should reconstruct the power system. Giving full play to the power of overall planning, giving autonomy to colleges and universities, giving the right to social evaluation, and realizing the separation of management scores; At the same time, through the establishment of a scientific social evaluation system, colleges and universities should adapt to the needs of talents in the market and change the traditional expectation of family education. Colleges and universities should find out their own orientation, cultivate advanced ideas, define the types of levels, innovate the specialty setting, reshape the talent training model, construct the characteristic campus culture, and form a joint force among the government, society, school and family. Jointly establish the direction of the characteristic development of Henan higher education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G649.2

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