【摘要】：高等教育是一項(xiàng)需要花費(fèi)大量經(jīng)費(fèi)的事業(yè),在我國(guó),由于人口眾多,對(duì)高等教育的需求量大,政府要承擔(dān)投資發(fā)展高等教育的責(zé)任也更為重大,教育經(jīng)費(fèi)供求方面的矛盾也更為突出。這其中,有關(guān)不同層次的高校之間的教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的投資,以及各高校自身內(nèi)部的教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的來(lái)源結(jié)構(gòu)都存在諸多問題。目前,我國(guó)高等教育經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源多元化的局面已經(jīng)全面打開,但還是以政府的財(cái)政性撥款和向?qū)W生收取學(xué)雜費(fèi)這兩種來(lái)源渠道為主,且依賴性較為嚴(yán)重。不同層次的高校之間的經(jīng)費(fèi)各來(lái)源渠道的籌資能力也有較大的差異。總的來(lái)說(shuō),在我國(guó)高等教育領(lǐng)域形成了以政府的政策和投資為導(dǎo)向,社會(huì)各企事業(yè)單位積極響應(yīng)高校重點(diǎn)投資的局面。具體呈現(xiàn)出,層次越高、國(guó)家集中投資和重點(diǎn)扶持的重點(diǎn)大學(xué)能夠獲得更多的教育發(fā)展資金,也有更多的經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源渠道作為補(bǔ)充。而相比較之下,層次較低的普通高校的發(fā)展卻陷入極度的貧困,一方面,難以獲得大量的政府撥款,教育事業(yè)的發(fā)展失去了政府強(qiáng)有力的資金后盾,另一方面,由于自身實(shí)力的限制,在高等教育市場(chǎng)并不具備強(qiáng)有力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,對(duì)社會(huì)企事業(yè)單位的吸引力也不強(qiáng),無(wú)法有效的擴(kuò)寬自身的資金來(lái)源渠道。本文首先通過梳理我國(guó)高等教育經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源結(jié)構(gòu)從國(guó)家財(cái)政撥款為主時(shí)期以單一的政府撥款為絕對(duì)的主導(dǎo)發(fā)展到多元化渠道籌措教育經(jīng)費(fèi)時(shí)期由政府、個(gè)人及家庭和社會(huì)共同承擔(dān)高校的發(fā)展并愈趨成熟的歷史演變,以了解了不同歷史時(shí)期,面對(duì)特定的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化背景,我國(guó)對(duì)高校教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的籌措所作出的一系列的努力,并吸收和借鑒其中有益的做法,從而為優(yōu)化我國(guó)目前高校教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的來(lái)源結(jié)構(gòu)提供歷史環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)。其次,借助對(duì)不同層次高校的教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的來(lái)源結(jié)構(gòu)的案例分析,試圖分析其中存在的差異和問題,并對(duì)不同層次高校之間的經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源及結(jié)構(gòu)之間的差異作出原因分析和影響因素的淺析。具體表現(xiàn)為,本文根據(jù)國(guó)家關(guān)于高等院校的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的劃分,分別從三個(gè)不同層次即“985”高校、“211”高校和地方普通高校的院校中選擇了代表學(xué)校。通過對(duì)收集的資料和數(shù)據(jù)的整理分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)目前我國(guó)不同層次高校之間主要是在政府的財(cái)政撥款、教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的二元化程度、高校自籌資金的能力以及接收社會(huì)捐贈(zèng)的力度這四個(gè)方面存在顯著的差異。導(dǎo)致這種差異的原因也是多方面的,主要與政府的財(cái)政性投入結(jié)構(gòu)、高校自身的辦學(xué)定位以及經(jīng)費(fèi)的各來(lái)源渠道的籌資實(shí)力有關(guān)。相關(guān)的影響因素也是多重的,主要與政府有關(guān)高等教育的政策、法規(guī)因素、政府對(duì)高校投入的努力程度以及高校內(nèi)部如在校生規(guī)模、科研能力、師資力量以及學(xué)校的聲名等因素密切相關(guān)。最后針對(duì)我國(guó)目前仍舊以財(cái)政支教的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況,嘗試從政府、高校自身以及對(duì)社會(huì)資本的引入這三方面提出優(yōu)化我國(guó)目前不同層次高校間的經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源結(jié)構(gòu)的建議對(duì)策。政府方面主要是注重繼續(xù)加大對(duì)高等教育的整體投入,在政策方面的適當(dāng)?shù)南驅(qū)哟屋^低的高校的傾斜,特別是中西部有特色的高校傾斜、完善當(dāng)前的財(cái)政撥款機(jī)制以及建立有差別的高校收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。高校自身方面所需做出的努力則首先是找準(zhǔn)自己的定位,努力提升實(shí)力,特別要注重科研能力的提高,其次要懂得開源節(jié)流,提高教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的利用效率,并深化改革,優(yōu)化當(dāng)前的教育經(jīng)費(fèi)管理模式,最后還要注重加強(qiáng)校企間和國(guó)內(nèi)外高校間的合作。最大限度挖掘自身的潛力。社會(huì)投入方面則首先要提高個(gè)人和社會(huì)投資高校的意識(shí),在此前提下,建立健全社會(huì)捐贈(zèng)制度,使得高校能夠最大限度的吸納社會(huì)資金。于此,從三個(gè)層面出發(fā),共同努力,共同致力于高校的發(fā)展,并注重不同層次高校間發(fā)展的調(diào)整。
[Abstract]:Higher education is an undertaking that requires a great deal of funds. In China, because of the large population and the great demand for higher education, the government has to shoulder the responsibility of investing in the development of higher education, and the contradiction between the supply and demand of educational funds is even more prominent. At present, the situation of diversified sources of higher education funds in China has been fully opened up, but the government's financial allocation and tuition fees are the two main sources, and the dependence is more serious. Generally speaking, in the field of higher education in China, the government's policies and investments have been taken as the guidance, and the enterprises and institutions of society have responded positively to the key investment of universities. In contrast, the development of ordinary colleges and universities at lower levels has fallen into extreme poverty. On the one hand, it is difficult to obtain a large number of government funds, and the development of education has lost the powerful backing of government funds. On the other hand, due to the limitation of their own strength, The higher education market does not have a strong competitiveness, and the attraction to social enterprises and institutions is not strong enough to effectively expand their own channels of funding. This paper first combs the structure of higher education funding in China from the national financial allocation as the main period to a single government allocation as the absolute leading development to more. In the period of collecting educational funds through meta-channels, the government, individuals, families and society jointly undertake the development and maturing of colleges and universities, so as to understand a series of efforts made by our country to raise educational funds in Colleges and universities in different historical periods and in the face of specific political, economic and cultural backgrounds, and to absorb and draw lessons from them. The practice of benefit provides a historical environment for optimizing the source structure of educational funds in Colleges and universities in China. Secondly, with the aid of case study on the source structure of educational funds in Colleges and universities at different levels, this paper tries to analyze the differences and problems among them, and makes an analysis of the differences between the sources and structures of funds in Colleges and universities at different levels. Because of the analysis and the analysis of the influencing factors, this paper chooses representative schools from three different levels, namely "985" colleges and universities, and "211" colleges and universities and local ordinary colleges and universities according to the division of the national development strategy of colleges and universities. There are remarkable differences between colleges and universities at the same level in four aspects: the government's financial allocation, the degree of duality of educational funds, the ability of colleges and universities to raise funds by themselves and the strength of receiving social donations. The related factors are also multiple, mainly related to the government's policies, laws and regulations on higher education, the degree of government's efforts to invest in Colleges and universities, as well as internal factors such as the size of students, scientific research capacity, the strength of teachers and the reputation of the school. China is still trying to put forward suggestions and Countermeasures to optimize the structure of funding sources among colleges and universities at different levels in China from three aspects: the government, universities themselves and the introduction of social capital. The inclination of lower-level colleges and universities, especially those in the central and western regions with distinctive characteristics, is to improve the current financial allocation mechanism and establish different fee standards for colleges and universities. At last, we should pay more attention to strengthening the cooperation between universities and enterprises, and between universities at home and abroad. At the same time, we should first raise the awareness of individual and social investment in Colleges and universities. The social donation system enables colleges and universities to absorb social funds to the greatest extent. Therefore, from three levels, we should work together to devote ourselves to the development of colleges and universities, and pay attention to the adjustment of the development of colleges and universities at different levels.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G647.5

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

中國(guó)期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 前10條

1 張?jiān)挛?馬峰;;高等教育經(jīng)費(fèi)績(jī)效管理探討[J];財(cái)會(huì)通訊;2015年01期

2 范美斯;;我國(guó)高教經(jīng)費(fèi)的多元化籌措:歷史變遷、挑戰(zhàn)、建議[J];教育教學(xué)論壇;2014年30期

3 洪柳;;國(guó)際比較視角下的高等教育經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源研究[J];北京教育(高教);2013年04期

4 洪柳;;美英德日高等教育經(jīng)費(fèi)籌資途徑的比較和借鑒[J];民族高等教育研究;2013年02期

5 張婧;瞿時(shí)章;;我國(guó)普通高等教育經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源構(gòu)成的變化與分析——基于1999-2009年的數(shù)據(jù)[J];教育學(xué)術(shù)月刊;2012年05期

6 谷振清;姚曉明;;河南省與中西部其他地區(qū)高等教育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入的比較分析[J];鄭州大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2012年02期

7 郭德俠;楊綺雯;;2001—2009年我國(guó)高等教育經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源結(jié)構(gòu)及其變動(dòng)分析[J];高等理科教育;2012年01期

8 陳曉宇;;我國(guó)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu):回顧與展望[J];教育與經(jīng)濟(jì);2012年01期

9 向林峰;;發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家高校經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源分析及思考[J];中國(guó)集體經(jīng)濟(jì);2011年21期

10 陳朝旭;;政府公共教育投資與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)關(guān)系的實(shí)證分析[J];財(cái)經(jīng)問題研究;2011年02期

中國(guó)重要會(huì)議論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 前1條

1 李曉晶;;我國(guó)普通高等教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的預(yù)測(cè)研究[A];2009年中國(guó)教育經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2009年

中國(guó)博士學(xué)位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 前1條

1 呂旭峰;我國(guó)教育捐贈(zèng)問題研究[D];河南大學(xué);2011年

中國(guó)碩士學(xué)位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 前10條

1 鄭宇;中國(guó)高校教育經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源結(jié)構(gòu)分析[D];吉林大學(xué);2015年

2 牟子;我國(guó)普通高等教育財(cái)政撥款影響因素及撥款標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究[D];長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué);2013年

3 張穎;我國(guó)高等教育投入結(jié)構(gòu)變化及其影響因素研究[D];山東大學(xué);2013年

4 袁樹軍;我國(guó)高等教育經(jīng)費(fèi)優(yōu)化配置研究[D];河北大學(xué);2011年

5 豐大雙;改革開放以來(lái)我國(guó)普通高等教育經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源結(jié)構(gòu)研究[D];大連理工大學(xué);2010年

6 李玉春;中國(guó)高等教育投入中的政府行為研究[D];南京航空航天大學(xué);2010年

7 包敏丹;戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)高等教育經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源研究[D];南京師范大學(xué);2007年

8 任修霞;湖南高等教育經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源結(jié)構(gòu)研究[D];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2007年

9 張宇宏;我國(guó)高等教育經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源多元化問題研究[D];東北師范大學(xué);2007年

10 趙小瑾;我國(guó)高等教育投資來(lái)源結(jié)構(gòu)分析及對(duì)策研究[D];重慶大學(xué);2007年

，

本文編號(hào)：2230943