“雙一流”背景下大學(xué)弱勢學(xué)科發(fā)展研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-30 10:34
【摘要】：“加快世界一流大學(xué)與一流學(xué)科建設(shè)”是當(dāng)前我國高等教育追求內(nèi)涵式發(fā)展、培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新型人才、打造世界一流大學(xué)、筑造高等教育強國的重要舉措,也是政府與學(xué)校共同推進(jìn)的一項重大工程。“雙一流”的提出具有歷史延續(xù)性,其建設(shè)的重點在于打造世界一流學(xué)科,并藉此推動大學(xué)及其學(xué)科建設(shè)的差異性發(fā)展。在“雙一流”的影響下,大學(xué)的學(xué)科建設(shè)“強弱”之分明顯,并且在學(xué)校內(nèi)部出現(xiàn)了以優(yōu)化學(xué)科結(jié)構(gòu)、實現(xiàn)資源合理配置為由合、停、并、轉(zhuǎn)弱勢學(xué)科的現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)前,大學(xué)的弱勢學(xué)科不僅生存空間受限、學(xué)科作用被削弱,還面臨著被動調(diào)整或裁撤的不穩(wěn)定局面,進(jìn)而影響了相關(guān)學(xué)科及其師生的切身利益。因此,“雙一流”背景下對大學(xué)弱勢學(xué)科發(fā)展進(jìn)行研究具有重要的理論與現(xiàn)實意義。通過對上海、河南、江蘇三省市的重點分析及對全國21個省市的概況分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)前的“雙一流”建設(shè)具有學(xué)科建設(shè)周期短且壓力大、偏重龍頭學(xué)科建設(shè)、依賴量化評估排名、著力發(fā)展區(qū)域內(nèi)優(yōu)勢特色學(xué)科等特征,而且對大學(xué)的學(xué)科建設(shè)尤其是弱勢學(xué)科的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了實質(zhì)性的影響。借鑒世界一流大學(xué)學(xué)科建設(shè)的經(jīng)驗,我國的大學(xué)學(xué)科建設(shè)一是要從局部到整體,重視學(xué)科設(shè)置的生態(tài)平衡;二是要從高峰到高原,形成合力競爭優(yōu)勢;三是要從龍頭到基礎(chǔ),鞏固學(xué)科發(fā)展根基。高校弱勢學(xué)科的發(fā)展理念是綜合彰顯其校本、知本及人本價值。通過對問卷調(diào)查法收集雙一流”背景下大學(xué)弱勢學(xué)科發(fā)展相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)資料;通過訪談法分別從大學(xué)教師、行政人員和學(xué)生征集他們對本校弱勢學(xué)科發(fā)展的觀點;通過對中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)“雙一流”背景下進(jìn)行學(xué)科調(diào)整的案例分析,預(yù)測了其弱勢學(xué)科的發(fā)展趨向�！半p一流”背景下高校弱勢學(xué)科的發(fā)展策略是:國家政府層面要重視政策的延續(xù)性,正式學(xué)科評估的工具理性,建立預(yù)警機制,擴大自主權(quán),建設(shè)現(xiàn)代大學(xué)制度,宏觀平衡各圈層學(xué)科發(fā)展;學(xué)校層面要放寬政策建立靈活開放的學(xué)科建設(shè)環(huán)境,依托學(xué)部制讓弱勢學(xué)科融入優(yōu)勢學(xué)科群,不斷打造新學(xué)科促進(jìn)弱勢學(xué)科由弱到新,實現(xiàn)學(xué)術(shù)權(quán)力與行政權(quán)力共治;學(xué)科層面明確學(xué)科目標(biāo)與定位,實現(xiàn)積極轉(zhuǎn)型,依托學(xué)校優(yōu)勢特色發(fā)展,拓寬資源獲取渠道。
[Abstract]:"speeding up the construction of world-class universities and disciplines" is an important measure for China's higher education to pursue the implicit development, cultivate innovative talents, build world-class universities and build a powerful country in higher education. It is also a major project promoted by the government and the school. The proposition of "double First-class" has a historical continuity, and the emphasis of its construction is to build a world-class discipline, thus promoting the development of the university and its discipline construction in a different way. Under the influence of "double first-class", the division of "strong and weak" in the discipline construction of university is obvious, and the phenomenon of optimizing the subject structure and realizing the rational allocation of resources as the combination, stopping, and turning to the weak subject appears in the school. At present, the weak subjects of universities are not only limited in their living space, but also faced with the unstable situation of passive adjustment or abolishment, which affects the interests of related disciplines and their teachers and students. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the development of weak subjects in universities under the background of "double-class". Through the key analysis of Shanghai, Henan and Jiangsu provinces and cities and the general situation analysis of 21 provinces and cities in China, it is found that the current "double first-class" construction has short period of discipline construction, great pressure, emphasis on leading discipline construction, and reliance on quantitative evaluation ranking. It also has a substantial influence on the subject construction of universities, especially on the development of weak subjects. Drawing lessons from the experience of the discipline construction of the world's first-class universities, the construction of university disciplines in our country should, first, focus on the ecological balance of discipline setup from part to whole; second, from the peak to the plateau, to form a competitive advantage of joint forces; and third, from the leading to the foundation. Consolidate the foundation of discipline development. The development concept of weak subjects in colleges and universities is to comprehensively highlight their school-based, knowledge-based and human-oriented values. Through the questionnaire survey method to collect the university vulnerable discipline development related data under the double first-class "background, through the interview method separately from the university teacher, the administrative staff and the student solicits their views on the university weak discipline development;" Through the case analysis of discipline adjustment under the background of "double first-class" in China University of Mining and Technology, the development trend of its weak discipline is predicted. Under the background of "double first-class", the development strategies of weak subjects in colleges and universities are as follows: the national government should attach importance to the continuity of policies, the instrumental rationality of formal discipline evaluation, the establishment of early warning mechanism, the expansion of autonomy, and the construction of modern university system. At the school level, we should relax the policy to establish a flexible and open discipline construction environment, rely on the department system to integrate the disadvantaged disciplines into the superior subject group, and constantly create new disciplines to promote the weak discipline from weak to new. Academic power and administrative power should be ruled together, subject level should be clearly defined, subject goal and orientation should be defined, positive transformation should be realized, development of school advantages and characteristics should be relied on, and channels for obtaining resources should be widened.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G642.3
本文編號：2212811
[Abstract]:"speeding up the construction of world-class universities and disciplines" is an important measure for China's higher education to pursue the implicit development, cultivate innovative talents, build world-class universities and build a powerful country in higher education. It is also a major project promoted by the government and the school. The proposition of "double First-class" has a historical continuity, and the emphasis of its construction is to build a world-class discipline, thus promoting the development of the university and its discipline construction in a different way. Under the influence of "double first-class", the division of "strong and weak" in the discipline construction of university is obvious, and the phenomenon of optimizing the subject structure and realizing the rational allocation of resources as the combination, stopping, and turning to the weak subject appears in the school. At present, the weak subjects of universities are not only limited in their living space, but also faced with the unstable situation of passive adjustment or abolishment, which affects the interests of related disciplines and their teachers and students. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the development of weak subjects in universities under the background of "double-class". Through the key analysis of Shanghai, Henan and Jiangsu provinces and cities and the general situation analysis of 21 provinces and cities in China, it is found that the current "double first-class" construction has short period of discipline construction, great pressure, emphasis on leading discipline construction, and reliance on quantitative evaluation ranking. It also has a substantial influence on the subject construction of universities, especially on the development of weak subjects. Drawing lessons from the experience of the discipline construction of the world's first-class universities, the construction of university disciplines in our country should, first, focus on the ecological balance of discipline setup from part to whole; second, from the peak to the plateau, to form a competitive advantage of joint forces; and third, from the leading to the foundation. Consolidate the foundation of discipline development. The development concept of weak subjects in colleges and universities is to comprehensively highlight their school-based, knowledge-based and human-oriented values. Through the questionnaire survey method to collect the university vulnerable discipline development related data under the double first-class "background, through the interview method separately from the university teacher, the administrative staff and the student solicits their views on the university weak discipline development;" Through the case analysis of discipline adjustment under the background of "double first-class" in China University of Mining and Technology, the development trend of its weak discipline is predicted. Under the background of "double first-class", the development strategies of weak subjects in colleges and universities are as follows: the national government should attach importance to the continuity of policies, the instrumental rationality of formal discipline evaluation, the establishment of early warning mechanism, the expansion of autonomy, and the construction of modern university system. At the school level, we should relax the policy to establish a flexible and open discipline construction environment, rely on the department system to integrate the disadvantaged disciplines into the superior subject group, and constantly create new disciplines to promote the weak discipline from weak to new. Academic power and administrative power should be ruled together, subject level should be clearly defined, subject goal and orientation should be defined, positive transformation should be realized, development of school advantages and characteristics should be relied on, and channels for obtaining resources should be widened.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G642.3
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