發(fā)布時間：2018-05-20 12:54

  本文選題：新生教育 + 思想政治教育��； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：《中共中央國務(wù)院關(guān)于進一步加強和改進大學(xué)生思想政治教育的意見》(中發(fā)[2004]16號)指出:面對新形勢、新情況,大學(xué)生思想政治教育工作還不夠適應(yīng),存在不少薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。加強和改進大學(xué)生思想政治教育是一項極為緊迫的重要任務(wù)。2017年2月,中共中央國務(wù)院下發(fā)《關(guān)于加強和改進新形勢下高校思想政治工作的意見》(中發(fā)[2016] 31號)進一步指出:新形勢下,加強和改進高校思想政治工作,事關(guān)辦什么樣的大學(xué)、怎樣辦大學(xué)的根本問題,事關(guān)黨對高校的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),事關(guān)中國特色社會主義事業(yè)后繼有人,是一項重大的政治任務(wù)和戰(zhàn)略工程。好的開端是成功的一半。要加強和改進大學(xué)生思想政治教育工作,首先就應(yīng)加強和改進大學(xué)新生的思想政治教育。新生階段的思想政治教育是大學(xué)思想政治教育有機鏈條中的一個重要環(huán)節(jié),新生思想政治教育的成功將對整個大學(xué)階段的學(xué)習(xí)和生活產(chǎn)生重大的影響,甚至對大學(xué)生的“三觀”和道德品質(zhì)的養(yǎng)成乃至整個人生產(chǎn)生深遠的影響,是整個大學(xué)思想政治教育工作取得成功的基石。加之,新生階段最容易出現(xiàn)各種新問題,能否有效克服這些問題,對每一位新生而言都至關(guān)重要,也直接關(guān)系到整個大學(xué)思想政治教育的成功與否。如果能有效抓住大學(xué)新生這一特殊階段,專門針對新生的特殊性和群體特征,開展系統(tǒng)的新生思想政治教育活動,則會事半功倍。我國高校十分重視新生的思想政治教育,并且不斷發(fā)展和改進,取得了顯著的成績,當(dāng)代大學(xué)生的主流意識和價值觀積極、健康、向上。但仍然還存在一些問題,學(xué)校對學(xué)生個體的關(guān)注度不夠,有的活動主題和內(nèi)容不太切合新生的實際需求,學(xué)生興趣度不高,教育方式不夠新穎,從而使思想政治教育活動的吸引力不大,效果不夠理想。在激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和思想政治教育的針對性和實效性等方面還有待于進一步提升。要提升我國高校思想政治教育的質(zhì)量,就須從提升新生思想政治教育的實際效果開始。美國大學(xué)雖然沒有思想政治教育的提法,但不等于沒有思想政治教育。美國大學(xué)的新生教育在提升新生保留率和高等教育質(zhì)量的同時也開展了大量實質(zhì)性的思想政治教育工作,在整個大學(xué)第一年期間實施系列政策、戰(zhàn)略、課程、服務(wù)等項目,通過學(xué)生親身體驗和參與實踐的方式,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在社會化過程中所需的人生信仰、核心價值觀、公民道德品質(zhì)和各項能力,幫助學(xué)生達到張揚個性和創(chuàng)新的目的,最終獲取人生的成功。由于受到資產(chǎn)階級自由主義和個人主義思想的影響,美國大學(xué)新生教育中的思想政治教育非常強調(diào)個人的利益,因而在教育過程中十分關(guān)注學(xué)生個體,強調(diào)體驗和實踐的方法,得到廣大新生的歡迎和積極參與,這對于提升我國高校新生思想政治教育的吸引力和實效性有著一定的借鑒價值。本文運用馬克思主義意識形態(tài)領(lǐng)域教育理論和馬克思主義哲學(xué)思想,通過文獻分析法、問卷調(diào)查法和比較法,對中美大學(xué)新生教育中的思想政治教育進行研究。首先,社會存在決定社會意識。中美兩國不同的經(jīng)濟、政治、歷史文化背景決定了大學(xué)新生教育中的思想政治教育有著不同的教育目標(biāo),教育目標(biāo)的不同又決定了教育內(nèi)容、方法和途徑的差異。其次,認識事物要透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)。不管是中國還是美國大學(xué)的新生思想政治教育在本質(zhì)上都是教育,必定有教育的相通性。作為人類一種共同的教育現(xiàn)象,一定有必須共同遵循的教育規(guī)律�；诖�,中美大學(xué)新生教育中的思想政治教育是可以相互比較、學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒的。論文首先是認識到背景的不同,中國是社會主義國家,其國情決定了大學(xué)新生教育中的思想政治教育目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)中國特色社會主義的合格建設(shè)者和可靠接班人,教育目標(biāo)決定了教育內(nèi)容更強調(diào)國家和民族的需求,注重從上而下通過國家層面的要求和規(guī)定來塑造學(xué)生的思想、政治和道德素質(zhì),主要通過課堂、專題報告和學(xué)生活動的途徑,主要使用講授法和典型教育法,并輔之以座談法、聯(lián)誼法和同輩教育。美國是資本主義國家,大學(xué)新生教育中的思想政治教育目標(biāo)是為了學(xué)生獲取人生的成功,在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生政治社會化的過程中更多關(guān)注學(xué)生個體的需求,以對學(xué)生各種能力和品質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)為重點。能力和品質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)離不開實踐,因而其教育的途徑和方法都與實踐相關(guān),以體驗法和討論法為主。簡而言之,思想政治教育屬于意識形態(tài)領(lǐng)域的教育,中美兩國有著完全不同的意識形態(tài),因而在意識形態(tài)層面的教育目標(biāo)和內(nèi)容上都要堅持自己的立場,不可能追求相同,也不能相互學(xué)習(xí),異大于同,但是在非意識形態(tài)層面,二者又有著一些共同點。作為一種人類共有的教育現(xiàn)象,且都做的是“人”的工作,在教育的過程中都必須遵循人的認知、成長和發(fā)展規(guī)律。因而在教育的途徑和方法方面是可以借鑒的。他山之石,可以攻玉。當(dāng)今世界是開放的世界,我國大學(xué)應(yīng)批判性借鑒美國大學(xué)新生教育中的思想政治教育經(jīng)驗,為我國培養(yǎng)中國特色社會主義的合格建設(shè)者和可靠接班人所用。我們應(yīng)該將新生教育中的思想政治教育視為整個大學(xué)思想政治教育的重要環(huán)節(jié)之一,通過提升新生教育中思想政治教育的吸引力和實效性,推動整個大學(xué)思想政治教育的多樣化,豐富思想政治教育的實踐和提升思想政治教育的質(zhì)量,對提高我國高等教育辦學(xué)水平具有重要的意義和價值。首先,我們要真正落實以學(xué)生為中心的教育理念,加強對學(xué)生個體的關(guān)注,加大學(xué)生參與體驗和實踐的力度,更加重視學(xué)生能力的訓(xùn)練和培養(yǎng)。其次,我們要努力實現(xiàn)新生教育中的思想政治教育全程化和全員化,創(chuàng)新、拓展并整合大學(xué)新生教育中的思想政治教育途徑,使教育的途徑和方式更豐富和多樣化。最后,我們可以考慮成立專門的組織管理機構(gòu),為新生教育中的思想政治教育提供更有效的組織保障。
[Abstract]:"The Central Committee of the State Council of the Communist Party of China on Further Strengthening and improving the ideological and political education of college students ([2004]16) points out: facing the new situation, the new situation, the ideological and political education of college students is not enough to adapt, there are many weak links. Strengthening and improving college students' thinking and thinking of political education is an extremely urgent and important task.2017 In February, the State Council of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a comment on strengthening and improving the ideological and political work of colleges and Universities under the new situation ([2016] 31). Under the new situation, it is important to strengthen and improve the ideological and political work of colleges and universities, what kind of universities do and how to do the root of the University, the leadership of the party to the universities and the Chinese characteristics The successor of the socialist cause is a major political task and strategic project. A good beginning is half the success. In order to strengthen and improve the ideological and political education of college students, the ideological and political education of the freshmen should be strengthened and improved. An important link, the success of the new ideological and political education will have a great influence on the study and life of the whole university, and even the profound influence on the "three views" and the moral quality of the college students and even the whole life. It is the cornerstone of the success of the whole university ideological and political education. It is very important for every freshman to overcome these problems, and it is directly related to the success or failure of the whole university's ideological and political education. If we can seize the special stage of the freshmen, the new ideological and political education of the new students can be carried out in a systematic way. Chinese universities attach great importance to the new students' Ideological and political education, and develop and improve, and have made remarkable achievements. The mainstream consciousness and values of the contemporary college students are positive, healthy and upwards. But there are still some problems, the school has not paid enough attention to the students, and some activities and contents are not too much. To meet the actual needs of the new students, the students' interest is not high, the way of education is not novel enough, so that the attraction of the ideological and political education activities is not very attractive and the effect is not ideal. It is still to be promoted in the aspects of arousing the students' interest in learning and the pertinence and effectiveness of Ideological and political education. The quality of the university must begin with the actual effect of promoting the ideological and political education of the new students. Although the American university has no ideological and political education, it is not equal to the lack of Ideological and political education. During the first year of the University, a series of policies, strategies, courses, and services were carried out during the first year of the University. Through the students' personal experience and participation in practice, the students' beliefs, core values, civic moral qualities and various abilities needed in the process of socialization were trained to help the students to achieve the purpose of publicizing their personality and innovation, and finally getting their life. As a result of the influence of bourgeois liberalism and individualism, the ideological and political education in the new education of American universities emphasizes the interests of the individual, so in the process of education, it pays much attention to the students' individual, emphasizes the methods of experience and practice, and gets the welcome and active participation of the new students, which is to promote our country. The attraction and actual effect of the ideological and political education of the freshmen of colleges and universities have certain reference value. This paper studies the ideological and political education in the new education of the University of China and the United States by using the Marx ideology field education theory and the Marx philosophy thought, through the literature analysis, the questionnaire survey and the comparison method. The different economic, political, historical and cultural backgrounds of China and the United States determine that the ideological and political education in the freshmen's education has different educational goals. The differences in educational goals determine the differences in the content, methods and ways of education. Secondly, the nature of the matter should be seen through the phenomenon, whether in China or in the United States. The freshmen's ideological and political education in the university is essentially education and must have education. As a common educational phenomenon of human beings, there must be a law of education that must be followed. Based on this, the ideological and political education in the new education of the University of China and the United States can be compared, study and learn from each other. The thesis is first to recognize the background. China is a socialist country. Its national conditions determine that the goal of Ideological and political education in the new education of the university is to cultivate qualified builders and reliable successors of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The educational goals decide the educational content to emphasize the needs of the state and the nation, and pay more attention to the requirements and regulations of the national level from the top to the bottom. The students' ideological, political and moral qualities are created mainly through the classroom, special report and student activities, mainly using the teaching method and the typical education law, supplemented by the forum method, the friendship law and the peer education. The United States is a capitalist country. The ideological and political education in the freshmen's education aims at the success of the students' success in life. In the process of guiding students' political socialization, more attention should be paid to the individual needs of students, with the emphasis on the cultivation of students' various abilities and qualities. The cultivation of ability and quality can not be separated from practice. Therefore, the ways and methods of education are related to practice, mainly through experience and discussion. In short, ideological and political education belongs to consciousness. Education in the state of state, China and the United States have a completely different ideology, so in the ideological level of educational objectives and content to adhere to their own position, can not pursue the same, can not learn from each other, different than the same, but in the non ideological level, the two have some common point. As a common education of human beings In the course of education, we must follow human cognition, develop and develop the law. Therefore, the ways and methods of education can be used for reference. Educational experience is used to train qualified builders and reliable successors of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We should consider the ideological and political education in the new education as one of the important links of the whole university ideological and political education, and promote the whole university thought through the promotion of the attraction and effectiveness of the ideological and Political Education in the new education. The diversification of political education, enriching the practice of Ideological and political education and improving the quality of Ideological and political education are of great significance and value for improving the level of higher education in China. First of all, we should truly implement the education concept centered on students, strengthen the attention to the students' bodies, and increase the students' participation in experience and practice. Degree, we should pay more attention to the training and training of students' ability. Secondly, we should strive to realize the whole process and full membership of Ideological and political education in the new education, innovate, expand and integrate the ways of Ideological and political education in the freshmen's education, so that the ways and ways of education are more rich and diversified. Finally, we can consider the establishment of a special organization. Management institutions provide more effective organizational guarantee for ideological and political education in Freshmen's education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G641

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