【摘要】：為探索在當(dāng)代中國和日本政府推行支持性生育政策的背景下,兩國父母面臨的育兒壓力與獲得的社會支持,本研究采取方便取樣的方法,分別在中國和日本進行了問卷調(diào)查。問卷采用配對發(fā)放形式,中國樣本來自北京市石景山區(qū)某社區(qū)幼兒園的父母,日本樣本來自廣島縣某育兒支援中心接受育兒支援的父母。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)中日樣本父母的育兒支持差異較大,中國樣本依然以家庭育兒為主,日本樣本則以社會育兒為主;中日兩國樣本父母均有不同程度的育兒壓力,但感知到的育兒壓力類型不同,中國父母更多地感知到睡眠不足、疲倦感等身體狀況不良問題,日本樣本父母則是陷于社會地位喪失的危機感和育兒不安的焦慮情緒中;兩國父親樣本參與育兒程度有明顯差異,中國父親參與育兒的程度明顯高于日本父親,中國樣本家庭主要由夫妻雙方共同承擔(dān)育兒責(zé)任,日本樣本則以母親承擔(dān)育兒責(zé)任為主。在當(dāng)前中國老齡化社會背景及二胎政策實施同時職場壓力不變的條件下,社會育兒支持對緩解中國父母育兒壓力、增加其生育意愿顯得尤為重要,中國政府應(yīng)在尊重家庭價值的同時,全面建設(shè)可獲得的社會支持網(wǎng)絡(luò);在父親參與育兒方面,日本父親則需要進一步平衡工作與家庭的關(guān)系,更多參與育兒,增加對日本母親育兒行為的支持。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the parental pressure and social support faced by parents in contemporary China and Japan, a questionnaire survey was conducted in China and Japan. The questionnaire was pairwise distributed from parents of a community kindergarten in Shijingshan District of Beijing and Japanese samples from parents who received parental support at a child-care support center in Hiroshima Prefecture. The results showed that there were significant differences in parental support between Chinese and Japanese sample parents. The Chinese sample was still dominated by family parenting, while the Japanese sample was mainly social parental support, and both Chinese and Japanese sample parents had different degrees of parental pressure. However, the types of parental stress perceived are different. Chinese parents are more aware of poor health problems, such as lack of sleep and fatigue, while Japanese sample parents are trapped in a sense of crisis of social status loss and anxiety of parenting unease. There were significant differences in the degree of parental participation between the two countries, and the degree of parental involvement of Chinese fathers was significantly higher than that of Japanese fathers. The Chinese sample families were mainly shared by husband and wife, while the Japanese samples were mainly taken by mothers. Under the current aging social background and the implementation of the two-child policy and the constant pressure in the workplace, social parenting support is particularly important to alleviate the pressure on Chinese parents to raise children and increase their willingness to bear children. While respecting the values of the family, the Chinese government should build a comprehensive network of available social support; in the case of fathers' participation in childcare, Japanese fathers need to further balance the relationship between work and the family and increase their participation in childcare. Increase support for parenting behavior of Japanese mothers.
【作者單位】： 北京師范大學(xué)教育學(xué)部;日本廣島大學(xué);北京航空航天大學(xué)幼兒園;安徽師范大學(xué)教育科學(xué)學(xué)院;
【基金】：中日韓合作研究項目“關(guān)于育兒社會協(xié)力的日中韓調(diào)查比較研究”(項目主持人日本廣島大學(xué)七木田敦教授) 全國教育科學(xué)規(guī)劃國家重點課題“學(xué)前教育中長期發(fā)展目標(biāo)與推進策略研究”
【分類號】：G78

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