發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-24 06:09

  本文選題：父親教養(yǎng)方式 + 母親教養(yǎng)方式�。� 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近些年來,兒童的焦慮問題已經(jīng)受到越來越多的關(guān)注。長期處在焦慮狀態(tài)的兒童不但無法進(jìn)行正常的學(xué)習(xí)和生活,而且其身心成長也會受到很大的影響。父母教養(yǎng)方式是指父母在教養(yǎng)、撫養(yǎng)子女的日常生活中表現(xiàn)出的一種相對穩(wěn)定的行為方式和行為傾向,是其教育觀念和教育行為的綜合體現(xiàn)。已有的研究表明,父母教養(yǎng)行為與兒童的焦慮情緒均存在顯著相關(guān),父母親積極的教養(yǎng)方式如對子女的關(guān)愛、支持和民主信任等行為與其焦慮情緒之間存在顯著的負(fù)相關(guān);而父母親消極的教養(yǎng)方式如懲罰嚴(yán)厲和過度保護(hù)等行為則與小學(xué)兒童的焦慮情緒之間存在顯著的正相關(guān)(孫永明,蘆詠莉,1998)。因此,探明兒童焦慮的家庭相關(guān)因素并在此基礎(chǔ)上采取針對性的家庭指導(dǎo)和干預(yù)措施,對于預(yù)防和解決兒童的焦慮問題具有很重要的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。但在已有的國內(nèi)外關(guān)于焦慮的研究大多數(shù)是單獨(dú)研究某種特定的焦慮狀況(如社交焦慮、分離焦慮、考試焦慮);母親的教養(yǎng)方式在關(guān)于兒童焦慮與教養(yǎng)方式的研究中受到更多的關(guān)注,而父親教養(yǎng)方式則很少涉及到;從研究對象來看,已有的相關(guān)研究多數(shù)是關(guān)于中學(xué)生或者學(xué)前兒童的焦慮狀況研究,專門針對小學(xué)兒童焦慮狀況的研究較少,而且相關(guān)研究主要以城市兒童為被試,鮮有專門針對農(nóng)村兒童焦慮狀況的研究。鑒于上述考慮,本研究擬在農(nóng)村文化背景下,考察小學(xué)兒童焦慮與父母教養(yǎng)的基本特點(diǎn),在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步考察父母教養(yǎng)方式和農(nóng)村小學(xué)兒童焦慮之間的關(guān)系。對于這一問題的探討,不僅有助于增進(jìn)人們關(guān)于家庭教育與農(nóng)村小學(xué)兒童焦慮之間關(guān)系的認(rèn)識,而且可以為我國農(nóng)村家庭中父母采用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕甜B(yǎng)方式促進(jìn)小學(xué)兒童心理健康發(fā)展提供某些科學(xué)依據(jù)。本研究采用橫斷研究的方法,在濰坊市兩所普通農(nóng)村小學(xué)中采用整體抽樣法抽取615名三到六年級小學(xué)生作為被試,以父母教養(yǎng)方式評價(jià)量表(EMBU-C)和Spence兒童焦慮量表(SCAS)為研究工具,采用兒童自我報(bào)告的方法,分別收集了農(nóng)村小學(xué)兒童父親教養(yǎng)方式和母親教養(yǎng)方式及其焦慮的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),用以考察它們之間的關(guān)系。主要結(jié)論如下:1.農(nóng)村小學(xué)兒童的焦慮存在性別和年級差異。在焦慮總分上女生的焦慮得分均顯著高于男生。六年級兒童的社交恐懼顯著高于三、四、五年級兒童;三、四年級兒童的恐慌障礙均顯著高于六年級兒童。2.農(nóng)村小學(xué)兒童的父母教養(yǎng)方式存在性別和年級差異。父親對男孩的過度保護(hù)和拒絕均顯著高于女孩;母親教養(yǎng)方式的各維度性別主效應(yīng)均不顯著。父親對三年級和五年級兒童的過度保護(hù)均顯著高于六年級兒童,父親對五年級兒童的情感溫暖顯著高于三、四、六年級的兒童,父親對五年級兒童的教養(yǎng)焦慮顯著高于三年級兒童和六年級兒童。母親對五年級兒童的情感溫暖顯著高于三、四、六年級的兒童,母親對五年級兒童的教養(yǎng)焦慮顯著高于三年級兒童。在父母教養(yǎng)方式各個(gè)維度得分上,性別和年級的交互作用均不顯著。3.相關(guān)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),父親的過度保護(hù)、拒絕與兒童的分離焦慮、社交恐懼、強(qiáng)迫沖動障礙、恐慌障礙、廣泛性焦慮及焦慮總分呈正相關(guān),父親的教養(yǎng)焦慮與兒童的焦慮各癥狀與焦慮總分均呈正相關(guān)。4.相關(guān)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),母親的過度保護(hù)、拒絕、教養(yǎng)焦慮與兒童的焦慮各癥狀和焦慮總分呈正相關(guān)。5.回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),父親的過度保護(hù)能夠正向預(yù)測兒童的強(qiáng)迫沖動性障礙和廣泛性焦慮;父親的拒絕和教養(yǎng)焦慮均能顯著預(yù)測兒童焦慮的各維度及焦慮總分;父親的情感溫暖能夠負(fù)向預(yù)測兒童的分離焦慮、社交恐懼、恐慌障礙、廣泛性焦慮和焦慮總分。6.回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),母親的過度保護(hù)能夠正向預(yù)測兒童的強(qiáng)迫沖動性障礙和廣泛性焦慮;母親的拒絕和教養(yǎng)焦慮均能顯著預(yù)測兒童焦慮的各維度及焦慮總分;母親的情感溫暖能夠負(fù)向預(yù)測兒童的分離焦慮、社交恐懼、廣泛性焦慮和焦慮總分。
[Abstract]:In recent years, children's anxiety has attracted more and more attention. Children who have long been in a state of anxiety are not only unable to do normal learning and life, but also their physical and mental growth will be greatly influenced. Parenting means a relatively stable behavior in their parents' daily life. The existing research shows that there is a significant correlation between parental rearing behavior and children's anxiety. There is a significant negative correlation between parents' positive upbringing, such as caring for children, support and democratic trust, and their anxiety. Negative parental rearing patterns, such as severe punishment and excessive protection, have significant positive correlation with the anxiety of primary school children (Sun Yongming, Lu Yong Li, 1998). Therefore, the family related factors of children's anxiety are explored and targeted family guidance and interventions are taken to prevent and solve children's focus on this basis. The problem of anxiety is of great value in application. However, most of the research on anxiety at home and abroad is to study certain specific anxiety conditions (such as social anxiety, separation anxiety, examination anxiety); mother's way of education is paid more attention in the study of children's anxiety and education, and the way of father rearing is very good. Few of them are involved; from the research object, most of the related research is about the anxiety of middle school students or preschool children. There are few studies on the anxiety of children in primary school, and the related research mainly takes urban children as subjects, and few studies are specially aimed at the anxiety of rural children. Under the background of rural culture, this paper examines the basic characteristics of children's anxiety and parental rearing in primary schools. On this basis, we will further investigate the relationship between parental rearing patterns and children's anxiety in rural primary schools. The discussion of this problem will not only help to improve the understanding of the relationship between family education and rural primary school children's anxiety, And it can provide some scientific basis for the parents of rural families to adopt proper upbringing to promote the mental health development of primary school children. In this study, 615 pupils of three to six year grade were selected as subjects by the method of cross-sectional study in two ordinary rural primary schools in Weifang. The evaluation scale (EMBU-C) and the Spence children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) were used as the research tools. The children's self reporting methods were used to collect the related data of the father's upbringing and mother's upbringing and their anxiety in rural primary school. The relationship between them was investigated. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. the anxiety of children in rural primary school has sex. The anxiety scores of girls were significantly higher than those of boys. The social fear in grade six children was significantly higher than that of three, four, five, and three and four in grade four were significantly higher than those of grade six children in.2. rural primary school. Both degree protection and refusal were significantly higher than that of girls, and there were no significant gender main effects in all dimensions of mother's education. Father's over protection of children in grade three and grade five was significantly higher than that of grade six children. Father's emotional warmth to five grade children was significantly higher than three, four, six year grade children and father to five grade children. The emotional warmth of mother to grade five children was significantly higher than that of grade three and grade six. The children of grade five were significantly higher than three, four, six, and the anxiety of the mother to grade five was significantly higher than that of grade three. Father's excessive protection, refusing to be associated with children's separation anxiety, social fear, compulsion disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety and anxiety total score positively related, father's upbringing anxiety and children's anxiety symptoms and anxiety total scores are positively related.4. analysis, mother's excessive protection, refusal, upbringing anxiety and children coke The.5. regression analysis of the total scores of the symptoms and anxiety found that the father's overprotection could predict the obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety of the children, and the father's refusal and upbringing anxiety could significantly predict the dimensions of children's anxiety and the total anxiety score, and the warmth of father's feeling of feeling could negatively predict the separation anxiety of the children. The.6. regression analysis of social fear, panic disorder, generalized anxiety and anxiety found that mother's overprotection could predict children's compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety positively; mother's refusal and upbringing anxiety could significantly predict the dimensions of children's anxiety and the total anxiety score; mother's emotional warmth could be negatively predicted for children. The total score of separation anxiety, social anxiety, generalized anxiety and anxiety.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G78;G444

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