【摘要】：落地四坡房屋具有搭拆簡(jiǎn)易、攜帶方便、可重復(fù)利用及對(duì)場(chǎng)地條件要求低等優(yōu)勢(shì),因而被廣泛應(yīng)用于民用及軍事領(lǐng)域。落地四坡房屋因質(zhì)量輕、剛度及阻尼小、處于大氣邊界層中風(fēng)速變化大和湍流度高的近地區(qū)域,屬于典型的風(fēng)敏感低矮建筑。由于房屋的使用功能如通風(fēng)、采光及人流通行等因素,需要對(duì)房屋進(jìn)行開(kāi)門和窗等洞口,或者因某些外力因素導(dǎo)致局部圍護(hù)系統(tǒng)和屋蓋系統(tǒng)的損壞形成破壞性洞口,此時(shí)風(fēng)壓分布發(fā)生顯著變化,房屋所受風(fēng)荷載由內(nèi)、外荷載共同作用。而我國(guó)荷載規(guī)范(GB50009-2012)僅涉及開(kāi)洞雙坡屋面房屋的風(fēng)壓系數(shù),開(kāi)洞與封閉雙坡屋面房屋的屋蓋體型系數(shù)比值可達(dá)2.6,兩者房屋表面風(fēng)壓差異顯著;國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)規(guī)范對(duì)于如落地四坡房屋等復(fù)雜體型的風(fēng)壓均無(wú)相關(guān)規(guī)定,致使圍護(hù)構(gòu)件及整體結(jié)構(gòu)的風(fēng)荷載計(jì)算無(wú)據(jù)可依,因此亟需對(duì)不同開(kāi)洞布置的落地四坡房屋進(jìn)行風(fēng)致響應(yīng)研究,為類似房屋提供設(shè)計(jì)理論依據(jù)。本文基于流體動(dòng)力學(xué)和大氣邊界層基本理論,運(yùn)用FLUENT軟件并借助經(jīng)典開(kāi)洞TTU標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模型的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),探討與分析數(shù)值風(fēng)洞尺寸、網(wǎng)格劃分技術(shù)、湍流模型、離散格式及求解算法等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及參數(shù),建立單面、雙面、三面及四面開(kāi)洞落地四坡房屋的數(shù)值風(fēng)洞。以來(lái)流風(fēng)向、洞口大小、洞口位置及洞口形狀為分析參數(shù),運(yùn)用數(shù)值風(fēng)洞對(duì)104種開(kāi)洞房屋工況進(jìn)行表面風(fēng)壓分布特性數(shù)值模擬,得到各分區(qū)的風(fēng)壓分布。在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析總結(jié)來(lái)流風(fēng)向、洞口大小、洞口位置、洞口形狀及單面、多面開(kāi)洞對(duì)房屋表面風(fēng)壓分布的影響規(guī)律,并提出可供圍護(hù)構(gòu)件及整體結(jié)構(gòu)抗風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)的風(fēng)荷載體型系數(shù)。結(jié)果表明:開(kāi)洞對(duì)落地四坡房屋風(fēng)壓分布影響顯著,迎風(fēng)面單面開(kāi)洞時(shí)最為不利,屋蓋的風(fēng)壓系數(shù)峰值高達(dá)-1.24,設(shè)計(jì)及使用時(shí)應(yīng)引起足夠的重視。
[Abstract]:The landing four-slope house is widely used in civil and military fields because of its advantages of simple demolition, easy to carry, reusable and low requirements for site conditions. The four-slope building is a typical wind-sensitive low-rise building because of its light weight, low stiffness and damping, and is located in the near-ground area with large wind speed change and high turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. Because of the use function of the house, such as ventilation, lighting and the flow of people, it is necessary to open doors and windows of the house, or because of some external force factors, the damage of the local enclosure system and the roof system results in the damage of the local enclosure system and the roof system to form a destructive opening. At this time, the wind pressure distribution changes significantly, and the wind load on the building is acted on by the internal and external loads. However, the load code of our country (GB50009-2012) only deals with the wind pressure coefficient of open double slope roof house, and the ratio of roof shape coefficient between open hole and closed double slope roof house can reach 2.6, and there is significant difference between the two houses in surface wind pressure. The relevant codes at home and abroad have no relevant provisions for the wind pressure of complex bodies, such as four-slope buildings, which makes the wind load calculation of enclosure members and the whole structure unsupported. Therefore, it is urgent to study the wind-induced response of four-slope buildings with different opening arrangements, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the design of similar buildings. Based on the basic theory of fluid dynamics and atmospheric boundary layer, this paper discusses and analyzes the numerical wind tunnel size, grid division technology and turbulence model by using FLUENT software and with the help of the field test data of the classical open hole TTU standard model. The numerical wind tunnel of one-sided, double-sided, three-sided and four-sided open-hole four-slope buildings is established by discrete scheme and solving algorithm. Since the wind direction, the size of the entrance, the position of the entrance and the shape of the opening are used as the analysis parameters, the surface wind pressure distribution characteristics of 104 kinds of open-hole houses are simulated by numerical wind tunnel, and the wind pressure distribution of each partition is obtained. On this basis, the influence of the incoming wind direction, the size of the entrance, the position of the entrance, the shape of the entrance and the one-sided and multi-side holes on the wind pressure distribution on the surface of the house is analyzed and summarized. The wind load carrier type coefficient which can be used for the wind resistance design of enclosure members and the whole structure is put forward. The results show that the opening has a significant effect on the wind pressure distribution of the four-slope building, and the wind pressure coefficient of the roof is as high as-1.24 when opening holes on one side of the upwind surface. Enough attention should be paid to the design and use of the roof.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU312.1

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