城市社區(qū)生活圈體系及公共服務設(shè)施空間優(yōu)化——以北京市清河街道為例
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-01 20:00
【摘要】：在城市社區(qū)規(guī)劃中,通常將社區(qū)視作各自獨立的空間單元。這一方面導致對社區(qū)的內(nèi)部空間結(jié)構(gòu)缺乏考慮;另一方面,因為較少考慮與其他社區(qū)之間的關(guān)聯(lián),而容易出現(xiàn)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)較差、效率低下、重復配置、過度建設(shè)等問題。社區(qū)生活圈空間體系的構(gòu)建有助于從居民行為出發(fā),重新理解社區(qū)的微觀結(jié)構(gòu),有助于在社區(qū)公共服務設(shè)施配置中解決空間落地問題。研究采用"提出假設(shè)—實證驗證"的方法,首先基于城市社區(qū)的"自足性"、"共享性"概念以及居民出行能力制約等因素,從理論上提出社區(qū)生活圈體系的三圈層結(jié)構(gòu):社區(qū)生活圈Ⅰ是自足性的圈層,以社區(qū)物理邊界劃定;社區(qū)生活圈Ⅱ是在居民出行能力制約下形成的,其中的設(shè)施主要面向本社區(qū)提供服務;社區(qū)生活圈Ⅲ是共享性的圈層,是多個社區(qū)生活圈之間重疊的部分。研究以北京市清河街道18個社區(qū)為案例,采用個體居民GPS數(shù)據(jù),界定社區(qū)生活圈的時空范圍,并通過社區(qū)生活圈內(nèi)的"集中度"和"共享度"的計算,對案例社區(qū)進行社區(qū)生活圈層的劃分。研究結(jié)果表明,社區(qū)生活圈體系的實際劃分結(jié)果與理論假設(shè)相吻合。最后,研究提出了基于社區(qū)生活圈體系的公共服務設(shè)施空間優(yōu)化策略,為社區(qū)公共服務設(shè)施配置的分級落地提供了參考。
[Abstract]:In urban community planning, communities are usually regarded as independent spatial units. On the one hand, there is a lack of consideration of the internal spatial structure of the community; on the other hand, because of less consideration of the relationship with other communities, it is prone to problems such as poor regional coordination, low efficiency, repeated allocation, excessive construction and so on. The construction of the spatial system of community life circle is helpful to re-understand the microstructure of the community from the perspective of residents' behavior and to solve the problem of spatial landing in the allocation of community public service facilities. The study adopts the method of "putting forward hypothesis-empirical verification". First of all, it is based on the "self-sufficient" of urban community, the concept of "sharing" and the restriction of residents' travel ability. Theoretically, this paper puts forward the three-circle structure of the community life circle system: the community life circle I is a self-sufficient circle layer, which is delineated by the community physical boundary; Community life circle II is formed under the restriction of residents' travel ability, in which the facilities mainly provide services to the community. Community life circle III is a shared circle, which is an overlapping part between multiple community life circles. Taking 18 communities in Qinghe Street of Beijing as an example, this paper uses GPS data of individual residents to define the temporal and spatial range of community life circle, and calculates the "concentration degree" and "sharing degree" in the community life circle. The community life circle of the case community is divided. The results show that the actual division results of community life circle system are in good agreement with the theoretical assumptions. Finally, the spatial optimization strategy of public service facilities based on community life circle system is proposed, which provides a reference for the hierarchical landing of community public service facilities.
【作者單位】： 北京大學城市與環(huán)境學院;北京市城市規(guī)劃設(shè)計研究院;
【基金】：國家自然科學基金海外及港澳學者合作研究基金(41529101);國家自然科學基金面上項目(41571144) “十二五”國家科技支撐計劃課題(2015BAJ08B06)
【分類號】：TU984.12
本文編號：2490540
[Abstract]:In urban community planning, communities are usually regarded as independent spatial units. On the one hand, there is a lack of consideration of the internal spatial structure of the community; on the other hand, because of less consideration of the relationship with other communities, it is prone to problems such as poor regional coordination, low efficiency, repeated allocation, excessive construction and so on. The construction of the spatial system of community life circle is helpful to re-understand the microstructure of the community from the perspective of residents' behavior and to solve the problem of spatial landing in the allocation of community public service facilities. The study adopts the method of "putting forward hypothesis-empirical verification". First of all, it is based on the "self-sufficient" of urban community, the concept of "sharing" and the restriction of residents' travel ability. Theoretically, this paper puts forward the three-circle structure of the community life circle system: the community life circle I is a self-sufficient circle layer, which is delineated by the community physical boundary; Community life circle II is formed under the restriction of residents' travel ability, in which the facilities mainly provide services to the community. Community life circle III is a shared circle, which is an overlapping part between multiple community life circles. Taking 18 communities in Qinghe Street of Beijing as an example, this paper uses GPS data of individual residents to define the temporal and spatial range of community life circle, and calculates the "concentration degree" and "sharing degree" in the community life circle. The community life circle of the case community is divided. The results show that the actual division results of community life circle system are in good agreement with the theoretical assumptions. Finally, the spatial optimization strategy of public service facilities based on community life circle system is proposed, which provides a reference for the hierarchical landing of community public service facilities.
【作者單位】： 北京大學城市與環(huán)境學院;北京市城市規(guī)劃設(shè)計研究院;
【基金】：國家自然科學基金海外及港澳學者合作研究基金(41529101);國家自然科學基金面上項目(41571144) “十二五”國家科技支撐計劃課題(2015BAJ08B06)
【分類號】：TU984.12
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