【摘要】：濟(jì)南某區(qū)域鍋爐房配備兩臺75t/h中溫中壓蒸汽鍋爐,生產(chǎn)的蒸汽經(jīng)過減溫減壓后輸送至周邊各小區(qū)進(jìn)行汽水換熱,換熱后的熱水供熱用戶取暖。一直以來,供熱成本居高不下,節(jié)能降耗改造迫在眉睫。本文從該鍋爐房的能耗分析、節(jié)能改造實(shí)施方案和節(jié)能技術(shù)研究等幾個方面進(jìn)行了探討。一是通過對近三年來的能耗統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)、鍋爐正反平衡效率測試及對連續(xù)58天煙氣數(shù)據(jù)的跟蹤統(tǒng)計(jì),根據(jù)能耗分析方法分析了鍋爐房的能耗現(xiàn)狀。鍋爐運(yùn)行熱效率偏低、供熱系統(tǒng)不合理浪費(fèi)了蒸汽的做功能力、輸送管網(wǎng)網(wǎng)損較大、冷凝水未做回收、煙氣余熱直接排放等問題均是導(dǎo)致該鍋爐房能耗偏高的原因。筆者認(rèn)為該區(qū)域鍋爐房具有較大的節(jié)能潛力,通過進(jìn)行熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)改造、汽水首站建設(shè)和煙氣余熱回收改造等項(xiàng)目能夠達(dá)到節(jié)能降耗的目的。二是提出了熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)改造方案和首站建設(shè)方案,具體從設(shè)備選型、系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益等幾個方面展開了詳細(xì)闡述,通過對改造方案的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益估算可知,熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)改造項(xiàng)目,盈利高達(dá)3936.1(萬元/a),投資回收期僅0.21a,建設(shè)換熱首站回收凝結(jié)水的節(jié)能回收收益高達(dá)1424.07萬元/a,投資回收期為1.16a。引進(jìn)了(火用)分析原理,認(rèn)為通過(火用)效率的分析可以從技術(shù)上進(jìn)一步研究熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)的節(jié)能效果,并針對相應(yīng)的熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)改造方案建立了系統(tǒng)模型,通過(火用)效率計(jì)算對小型熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)相對分產(chǎn)的節(jié)能效果進(jìn)行了分析和探討。三是對中、低溫?zé)煔獾挠酂崂眠M(jìn)行了熱力學(xué)分析和技術(shù)研究,對三種常用的余熱回收利用方式的節(jié)能率進(jìn)行了計(jì)算和分析,認(rèn)為對于中、低溫?zé)煔獾挠酂崂?可以通過各種熱交換設(shè)備將煙氣的熱能傳遞給不同工作介質(zhì)而加以利用能夠到達(dá)節(jié)能的效果。然后又針對性的提出了詳細(xì)的煙氣余熱回收方案及工程實(shí)施方案,并進(jìn)行了經(jīng)濟(jì)效益估算,安裝煙氣余熱回收系統(tǒng)后,回收熱量的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益為165.89萬元/a,投資回收期3.32a。
[Abstract]:A boiler room in Jinan is equipped with two 75t/h medium temperature and medium pressure steam boilers. After temperature reduction and decompression, the produced steam is transported to the surrounding districts for steam and water heat transfer, and the hot water heating users after heat transfer. For a long time, the heating cost is high, energy saving and consumption reduction transformation is urgent. This paper discusses the energy consumption analysis of the boiler room, the implementation scheme of energy saving transformation and the research of energy saving technology. First, through the statistical data of energy consumption in the past three years, the positive and negative balance efficiency of boiler and the tracking statistics of 58 days of flue gas data, the present situation of energy consumption of boiler room is analyzed according to the energy consumption analysis method. The low thermal efficiency of boiler operation, the unreasonable waste of steam work capacity in heating system, the large network loss of transportation network, the lack of recovery of condensate water and the direct discharge of waste heat from flue gas are the reasons for the high energy consumption of the boiler room. The author believes that the boiler room in this area has great potential for energy saving, and the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction can be achieved through the transformation of cogeneration, the construction of steam and water first station and the recovery and transformation of waste heat from flue gas. Second, the transformation scheme of cogeneration and the construction scheme of the first station are put forward, which are expounded in detail from the aspects of equipment selection, system design and economic benefit. Through the estimation of the economic benefit of the transformation scheme, it can be seen that the cogeneration transformation project, The profit is as high as 3936.1 (ten thousand yuan / a), investment recovery period is only 0.21 a, the energy saving recovery income of condensate water recovered at the first heat transfer station is as high as 14.2407 million yuan / a, and the investment recovery period is 1.16 a. The principle of exergy analysis is introduced, and it is considered that the energy saving effect of cogeneration can be further studied from the technical point of view through the analysis of exergy efficiency, and the system model is established for the corresponding transformation scheme of cogeneration. The energy saving effect of relative partial production of small cogeneration is analyzed and discussed by exergy efficiency calculation. Third, the thermodynamic analysis and technical research on the waste heat utilization of medium and low temperature flue gas are carried out, and the energy saving rates of three commonly used waste heat recovery and utilization methods are calculated and analyzed, and it is considered that for the utilization of waste heat of medium and low temperature flue gas, The heat energy of flue gas can be transferred to different working media through various heat exchange equipment, and the effect of energy saving can be achieved. Then the detailed scheme of flue gas waste heat recovery and the project implementation scheme are put forward, and the economic benefits are estimated. After installing the flue gas waste heat recovery system, the economic benefit of heat recovery is 1.6589 million yuan / a. The payback period is 3.32a.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU995;X70

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