【摘要】：我國各地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)民居和傳統(tǒng)民居營造技藝是當(dāng)?shù)刂匾奈幕z產(chǎn),也是數(shù)千年來當(dāng)?shù)貏趧?dòng)人民智慧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的體現(xiàn)。同時(shí),對(duì)于現(xiàn)代文化的建設(shè)具有不可替代的作用。但是,隨著現(xiàn)代社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)民居和傳統(tǒng)民居營造技藝遭到的破壞也越來越嚴(yán)重。人們?cè)谧非笮录夹g(shù)、新材料和新方法的過程中,卻逐漸忽略了古老的傳統(tǒng)技藝,忽略了工匠的傳承問題,也忽略了它的文化建設(shè)價(jià)值。這使古老的傳統(tǒng)民居和傳統(tǒng)民居營造技藝處于極度的衰落之中,因此對(duì)傳統(tǒng)民居和其營造技藝的研究緊迫而必要。本文通過對(duì)晉南鄉(xiāng)寧縣云丘山的傳統(tǒng)民居和石砌錮窯營造技藝的實(shí)地調(diào)查、現(xiàn)場測繪、工匠走訪等途徑,將進(jìn)行四個(gè)方面的研究。一是,對(duì)云丘山自然環(huán)境和歷史文化的研究,深入了解當(dāng)?shù)氐淖匀画h(huán)境和文化背景,分析環(huán)境與村落、民居之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系;二是,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)民居的研究,可獲得大量的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和基礎(chǔ)資料,是本文研究的排頭兵;三是,針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)石砌錮窯民居營造技藝的研究,該部分由兩條思維線組成,即營造的精神和技術(shù)。精神營造包括建造文化、習(xí)俗和禁忌。營造技術(shù)包括營造的流程和各個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)解析;四是,對(duì)云丘山石砌錮窯營造技藝保護(hù)和傳承的研究,通過對(duì)現(xiàn)狀的分析,提出可行性實(shí)施方案。通過對(duì)以上內(nèi)容的研究和分析,從而得出自然環(huán)境在云丘山傳統(tǒng)村落和民居的形成過程中起著至關(guān)重要的作用,以及傳統(tǒng)村落與民居在布局和建造中即體現(xiàn)出嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性和科學(xué)性,也體現(xiàn)出鄉(xiāng)土建筑的隨意性,且這種嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性和隨意性會(huì)隨著社會(huì)發(fā)展而不斷的發(fā)生變化。這些研究為當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕ㄔO(shè)樹立積極的向上的影響,也為當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)民居和石砌窯洞的修繕和保護(hù)提供理論依據(jù)。同時(shí),針對(duì)民眾對(duì)傳統(tǒng)民居認(rèn)識(shí)的表面化,加強(qiáng)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)孛窬拥难芯?可以提升民眾對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)民居認(rèn)識(shí)的系統(tǒng)性和科學(xué)性。也只有民眾對(duì)傳統(tǒng)民居有了科學(xué)的系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí),才能更有利于傳統(tǒng)民居保護(hù)和修繕工作的發(fā)展和展開。
[Abstract]:The traditional residence and traditional residence construction technique in various regions of China is an important cultural heritage of the local people, and it is also the embodiment of the wisdom and experience of the local working people in the past several thousand years. At the same time, the construction of modern culture has an irreplaceable role. However, with the development of modern society and economy, the destruction of traditional residence and traditional residence is becoming more and more serious. In the process of pursuing new technology, new materials and new methods, people neglect the ancient traditional techniques, the inheritance of craftsmen, and the value of cultural construction. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to study the traditional houses and their construction skills. In this paper, through the field investigation of the traditional residence in Yunqiu Mountain of Xiangning County, South Shanxi Province and the construction technique of stone block kiln, the way of field surveying and mapping, and the visit of craftsmen will be carried out in four aspects. First, to study the natural environment and historical culture of Yunqiu Mountain, to deeply understand the local natural environment and cultural background, and to analyze the internal relations between the environment, villages and houses; second, to study the traditional folk houses. A great deal of basic data and basic data can be obtained, which is the vanguard of this paper. Third, the research on the traditional building technique of stone kiln is composed of two thought lines, that is, the spirit and technology of construction. Spiritual construction includes the construction of culture, customs and taboos. The construction technology includes the construction process and the key technology analysis of each node. Fourthly, through the analysis of the present situation, the feasible implementation scheme is put forward for the research on the protection and inheritance of the construction technology of the Yunqiu Mountain stone block kiln. Through the research and analysis of the above contents, it is concluded that the natural environment plays an important role in the formation of the traditional villages and houses in Yunqiu Mountain, and the layout and construction of the traditional villages and houses reflect the rigor and scientificity. It also reflects the randomness of local architecture, and this rigor and arbitrariness will constantly change with the development of society. These studies provide a theoretical basis for the renovation and protection of local traditional houses and stone caves. At the same time, strengthening the research on the local houses can enhance the systematicness and scientificalness of the people's understanding of the local traditional houses. Only when the people have a scientific and systematic understanding of the traditional houses, can they be more conducive to the development and development of the protection and repair work of the traditional houses.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU241.5;TU754

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