發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-03 20:39

【摘要】：澳門是中國(guó)最早與西方接觸的城市之一,這里的建筑是中西結(jié)合的典型代表。這些建筑中的居住建筑更是最直接的反映了澳門社會(huì)的變化,也是建筑文化在事物上最直接的體現(xiàn)。近代是澳門社會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)期,城墻的拆除、政權(quán)的易主、城市的擴(kuò)張無(wú)不直接的對(duì)居民生活與居住建筑產(chǎn)生影響。澳門近代居住建筑來(lái)源于兩個(gè)民族,其建筑文化自然受到兩種民族文化的影響。追其源頭,廣東的嶺南傳統(tǒng)住宅,如西關(guān)大屋和“三間兩廊”式住宅是澳門中式居住建筑的變化基礎(chǔ);印度的果阿葡人住宅是澳門西式居住建筑變化的源頭。當(dāng)兩者同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在澳門,建筑的本質(zhì)便被客觀因素潛移默化的改變,即使是建造手法亦或是建筑材料的改變,也被稱之為本土化。也就是說(shuō),澳門的居住建筑都可以被稱為中西結(jié)合的居住建筑,但究其源頭以及建筑在中西結(jié)合過(guò)程中的具體表現(xiàn),則不能一概而論。以源頭建筑為基礎(chǔ),與澳門近代中、西式獨(dú)棟、聯(lián)排住宅的平面形態(tài)、立面形態(tài)進(jìn)行比較,總結(jié)其傳統(tǒng)特征及衍化方式,這些衍化所承載的是文化內(nèi)涵、審美取向以及生活習(xí)慣等的改變,它的產(chǎn)生有深層次的社會(huì)原因和特殊的歷史環(huán)境。通過(guò)對(duì)澳門近代居住建筑平面、立面的對(duì)比研究,論文認(rèn)為澳門近代居住建筑的衍化表現(xiàn)為“本土化”和“現(xiàn)代化”這兩種特征。在西方建筑文化與現(xiàn)代化的推進(jìn)下,澳門中式居住建筑從根深蒂固的傳統(tǒng)文化思想向以功能和實(shí)用為主的建筑設(shè)計(jì)思想方向發(fā)展,澳門西式居住建筑在功能和實(shí)用的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改進(jìn)和提升,二者朝居住建筑的現(xiàn)代化趨同。本研究對(duì)澳門近代建筑研究和中國(guó)近代建筑研究都是有益的充實(shí),通過(guò)對(duì)澳門近代居住建筑的研究,能夠從很大程度上反映山東、上海以及類似城市,乃至中國(guó)的近代城市建筑的發(fā)展特點(diǎn),是對(duì)澳門研究的完善,同時(shí)是澳門近代居住建筑的保護(hù)、修復(fù)、更新和再利用等工作的參考基礎(chǔ)和初步指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Macao is one of the earliest Chinese cities to contact with the West, and the architecture here is a typical example of the combination of Chinese and Western. These residential buildings are the most direct reflection of the changes in Macao society and the most direct embodiment of architectural culture. The modern times are the turning period of Macao society, the demolition of the city wall, the change of political power and the expansion of the city have a direct impact on the residents' life and residential buildings. Macao's modern residential architecture originated from two nationalities, and its architectural culture was naturally influenced by two kinds of national cultures. To trace its origin, the traditional residence in Lingnan, Guangdong Province, such as Xiguan House and "three two Corridor" houses, is the basis for the change of Chinese residential buildings in Macao, and the Goa Portuguese residence in India is the source of the change of western residential buildings in Macao. When both of them appear in Macao, the essence of architecture is changed by imperceptible objective factors. Even the construction technique or the change of building materials is also called localization. That is to say, the residential buildings of Macao can be called the residential buildings of the combination of China and the West, but the source and the concrete performance of the buildings in the process of the combination of China and the West cannot be generalized. Based on the source architecture, compared with the plane form and the facade form of the western-style single-family and contiguous residence in modern Macao, the traditional characteristics and the derivation of these developments are summarized, which are the cultural connotations. With the change of aesthetic orientation and living habits, it has deep social reasons and special historical environment. Through a comparative study of the plane and facade of modern residential buildings in Macao, this paper holds that the evolution of modern residential buildings in Macao is characterized by "localization" and "modernization". With the development of western architectural culture and modernization, Chinese residential architecture in Macao developed from deep-rooted traditional culture to functional and practical architectural design. On the basis of function and practicability, the western residential buildings in Macao are improved and upgraded, and they converge towards the modernization of residential buildings. This study is beneficial to the study of modern architecture in Macao and the study of modern architecture in China. Through the study of modern residential buildings in Macao, it can to a large extent reflect Shandong, Shanghai and similar cities. The development characteristics of modern urban buildings in China are not only the perfection of the study of Macao, but also the reference basis and preliminary guidance for the protection, restoration, renewal and reuse of modern residential buildings in Macao.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU241.5

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本文編號(hào)：2162932