修枝機(jī)齒輪箱系統(tǒng)的振動(dòng)與噪聲研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-24 19:54
【摘要】：修枝機(jī)是園林美化工作中的一項(xiàng)重要工具,可以大大提高園林工人對(duì)植物的修剪工作。但是傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方法過(guò)多考慮修枝機(jī)的外形和強(qiáng)度,而忽視其動(dòng)態(tài)特性,使生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的產(chǎn)品振動(dòng)噪聲過(guò)大,給園林工作者的身體和心理造成了很大的傷害。齒輪箱是修枝機(jī)的關(guān)鍵傳動(dòng)部件,其設(shè)計(jì)制造的不足會(huì)造成齒輪箱振動(dòng)劇烈,從而產(chǎn)生較大的輻射噪聲。本文以某型號(hào)園林修枝機(jī)的齒輪箱系統(tǒng)為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其振動(dòng)特性及由此產(chǎn)生的噪聲展開(kāi)研究,并通過(guò)改進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)的措施達(dá)到降低齒輪箱系統(tǒng)振動(dòng)噪聲的目的。本文對(duì)修枝機(jī)齒輪箱系統(tǒng)振動(dòng)噪聲的分析工作如下:(1)修枝機(jī)齒輪箱的激勵(lì)力提取。利用三維軟件Solidworks強(qiáng)大的建模功能,建立修枝機(jī)齒輪箱的三維CAD模型,進(jìn)行必要的簡(jiǎn)化和刪減,并且把得到的修枝機(jī)齒輪箱傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)入ADAMS中�；诙鄤傮w動(dòng)力學(xué)理論,結(jié)合修枝機(jī)齒輪箱的實(shí)際運(yùn)動(dòng)情況,設(shè)置各零件間的運(yùn)動(dòng)約束和接觸參數(shù),建立齒輪箱傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的多剛體動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。施加驅(qū)動(dòng),對(duì)修枝機(jī)齒輪箱的運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程進(jìn)行仿真,提取修枝機(jī)齒輪箱箱體內(nèi)兩對(duì)嚙合齒輪的嚙合力。(2)修枝機(jī)齒輪箱模態(tài)分析與實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。有限元模型的建立是模態(tài)分析的基礎(chǔ),首先,利用Hypermesh對(duì)修枝機(jī)齒輪箱CAD模型進(jìn)行前處理;然后,根據(jù)齒輪箱的幾何特征和大小,采用合適的網(wǎng)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn),進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格劃分,建立齒輪箱的結(jié)構(gòu)有限元模型。最后再利用ANSYS Workbench對(duì)齒輪箱結(jié)構(gòu)的約束模態(tài)和自由模態(tài)進(jìn)行計(jì)算,約束模態(tài)分析得到修枝機(jī)齒輪箱實(shí)際工作狀態(tài)下的模態(tài)。另外,通過(guò)力錘法敲擊齒輪箱得到頻響函數(shù)曲線(xiàn),基于頻響曲線(xiàn)提取試驗(yàn)?zāi)B(tài)頻率。將修枝機(jī)齒輪箱的試驗(yàn)自由模態(tài)與仿真自由模態(tài)進(jìn)行比較,兩者模態(tài)頻率一致,驗(yàn)證了有限元模型的正確性。(3)修枝機(jī)齒輪箱諧響應(yīng)分析。將前文獲取的齒輪箱齒輪嚙合力作為激勵(lì),加載到修枝機(jī)齒輪箱有限元模型上,進(jìn)行修枝機(jī)齒輪箱諧響應(yīng)分析,得到各個(gè)頻率下的振動(dòng)響應(yīng),并且通過(guò)ANSYS Workbench求得關(guān)鍵參考點(diǎn)X、Y、Z方向的振動(dòng)位移數(shù)據(jù),分析其振動(dòng)特征。(4)修枝機(jī)齒輪箱輻射噪聲預(yù)測(cè)。將修枝機(jī)齒輪箱的聲學(xué)有限元模型導(dǎo)入到LMS Virtual lab中,同時(shí)將修枝機(jī)齒輪箱的振動(dòng)結(jié)果映射到聲學(xué)網(wǎng)格上作為輻射噪聲分析的邊界條件,結(jié)合FEM(Finite Element Method)和AML(Automatic Matched Layer)的方法,對(duì)修枝機(jī)齒輪箱輻射噪聲進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。(5)修枝機(jī)齒輪箱輻射噪聲的優(yōu)化改進(jìn)。首先介紹噪聲對(duì)人類(lèi)的危害,然后根據(jù)仿真結(jié)果確定在齒輪箱下箱體增加對(duì)稱(chēng)加強(qiáng)筋,對(duì)修改后的模型重新進(jìn)行諧響應(yīng)分析,并基于A(yíng)TV(Acoustic Transfer Vector)和MATV(Model Acoustic Transfer Vector)理論,運(yùn)用FEM和AML的方法預(yù)測(cè)箱體結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化后的輻射噪聲,降噪效果比較明顯。
[Abstract]:Pruning machine is an important tool in landscaping, which can greatly improve the pruning of plants by garden workers. But the traditional design method considers the shape and strength of the pruning machine too much, but neglects its dynamic characteristic, which makes the product vibration and noise too big, and causes great harm to the body and psychology of the garden workers. The gearbox is the key transmission part of the pruning machine. The deficiency of its design and manufacture will cause the gearbox to vibrate violently, thus produce the bigger radiation noise. In this paper, the gearbox system of a garden pruning machine is taken as the research object, the vibration characteristics and the resulting noise are studied, and the purpose of reducing the vibration noise of the gearbox system is achieved by improving the structure of the gearbox system. The analysis of vibration and noise of pruning machine gearbox system is as follows: (1) excitatory force extraction of pruning machine gearbox. Using the powerful modeling function of 3D software Solidworks, the 3D CAD model of pruning machine gearbox is established, and the necessary simplification and deletion are carried out, and the obtained gearbox transmission structure of pruning machine is imported into ADAMS. Based on the theory of multi-rigid body dynamics and the actual motion of gear box of pruning machine, the dynamic model of multi-rigid body of gear box transmission system is established by setting up the motion constraints and contact parameters among the parts. The motion process of the gear box of the pruning machine is simulated and the meshing force of two pairs of meshing gears in the gear box of the pruning machine is extracted. (2) Modal analysis and experimental verification of the gear box of the pruning machine. The establishment of finite element model is the basis of modal analysis. Firstly, the CAD model of pruning machine gearbox is pre-processed by Hypermesh, then, according to the geometric characteristics and size of gearbox, the mesh is divided according to the appropriate mesh standard. The finite element model of gearbox structure is established. Finally, the constrained mode and the free mode of the gearbox structure are calculated by ANSYS Workbench, and the modal of the gearbox of the pruning machine under the actual working condition is obtained by the constrained modal analysis. In addition, the frequency response function curve is obtained by tapping the gearbox with the force hammer method, and the test mode frequency is extracted based on the frequency response curve. The experimental free mode of pruning machine gearbox is compared with the simulated free mode, and the modal frequency is the same, which verifies the correctness of the finite element model. (3) Harmonic response analysis of pruning machine gear box. The gearbox gear meshing force obtained in the previous paper is taken as the excitation, and loaded into the finite element model of the pruning machine gearbox, and the harmonic response of the pruning gear box is analyzed, and the vibration response at various frequencies is obtained. The vibration displacement data of the key reference point XNY Z are obtained by ANSYS Workbench, and the vibration characteristics are analyzed. (4) noise prediction of pruning machine gearbox. The acoustic finite element model of pruning machine gearbox is introduced into LMS Virtual lab, and the vibration results of pruning machine gearbox are mapped to acoustic mesh as boundary conditions for the analysis of radiated noise. The method of FEM (Finite Element Method) and AML (Automatic Matched Layer) is combined. The radiated noise of pruning machine gearbox is predicted. (5) the optimization improvement of pruning machine gearbox radiation noise. Firstly, the harm of noise to human being is introduced, and then according to the simulation results, the symmetrical stiffeners are added to the box body under the gearbox, the harmonic response of the modified model is analyzed again, and based on the theory of ATV (Acoustic Transfer Vector) and MATV (Model Acoustic Transfer Vector), the harmonic response of the modified model is analyzed again. The method of FEM and AML is used to predict the radiation noise after the optimization of the box structure, and the noise reduction effect is obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU986.32
本文編號(hào)：2142480
[Abstract]:Pruning machine is an important tool in landscaping, which can greatly improve the pruning of plants by garden workers. But the traditional design method considers the shape and strength of the pruning machine too much, but neglects its dynamic characteristic, which makes the product vibration and noise too big, and causes great harm to the body and psychology of the garden workers. The gearbox is the key transmission part of the pruning machine. The deficiency of its design and manufacture will cause the gearbox to vibrate violently, thus produce the bigger radiation noise. In this paper, the gearbox system of a garden pruning machine is taken as the research object, the vibration characteristics and the resulting noise are studied, and the purpose of reducing the vibration noise of the gearbox system is achieved by improving the structure of the gearbox system. The analysis of vibration and noise of pruning machine gearbox system is as follows: (1) excitatory force extraction of pruning machine gearbox. Using the powerful modeling function of 3D software Solidworks, the 3D CAD model of pruning machine gearbox is established, and the necessary simplification and deletion are carried out, and the obtained gearbox transmission structure of pruning machine is imported into ADAMS. Based on the theory of multi-rigid body dynamics and the actual motion of gear box of pruning machine, the dynamic model of multi-rigid body of gear box transmission system is established by setting up the motion constraints and contact parameters among the parts. The motion process of the gear box of the pruning machine is simulated and the meshing force of two pairs of meshing gears in the gear box of the pruning machine is extracted. (2) Modal analysis and experimental verification of the gear box of the pruning machine. The establishment of finite element model is the basis of modal analysis. Firstly, the CAD model of pruning machine gearbox is pre-processed by Hypermesh, then, according to the geometric characteristics and size of gearbox, the mesh is divided according to the appropriate mesh standard. The finite element model of gearbox structure is established. Finally, the constrained mode and the free mode of the gearbox structure are calculated by ANSYS Workbench, and the modal of the gearbox of the pruning machine under the actual working condition is obtained by the constrained modal analysis. In addition, the frequency response function curve is obtained by tapping the gearbox with the force hammer method, and the test mode frequency is extracted based on the frequency response curve. The experimental free mode of pruning machine gearbox is compared with the simulated free mode, and the modal frequency is the same, which verifies the correctness of the finite element model. (3) Harmonic response analysis of pruning machine gear box. The gearbox gear meshing force obtained in the previous paper is taken as the excitation, and loaded into the finite element model of the pruning machine gearbox, and the harmonic response of the pruning gear box is analyzed, and the vibration response at various frequencies is obtained. The vibration displacement data of the key reference point XNY Z are obtained by ANSYS Workbench, and the vibration characteristics are analyzed. (4) noise prediction of pruning machine gearbox. The acoustic finite element model of pruning machine gearbox is introduced into LMS Virtual lab, and the vibration results of pruning machine gearbox are mapped to acoustic mesh as boundary conditions for the analysis of radiated noise. The method of FEM (Finite Element Method) and AML (Automatic Matched Layer) is combined. The radiated noise of pruning machine gearbox is predicted. (5) the optimization improvement of pruning machine gearbox radiation noise. Firstly, the harm of noise to human being is introduced, and then according to the simulation results, the symmetrical stiffeners are added to the box body under the gearbox, the harmonic response of the modified model is analyzed again, and based on the theory of ATV (Acoustic Transfer Vector) and MATV (Model Acoustic Transfer Vector), the harmonic response of the modified model is analyzed again. The method of FEM and AML is used to predict the radiation noise after the optimization of the box structure, and the noise reduction effect is obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU986.32
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，本文編號(hào)：2142480
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