【摘要】：在全球化發(fā)展和城市化進(jìn)程的影響下,東方文明受到代表世界先進(jìn)文明的“西方文化”的沖擊,使包括中國(guó)園林文化在內(nèi)的東方文明趨于弱勢(shì)。中國(guó)城市園林歸屬感下降,景觀文化地域性缺失。這些現(xiàn)象使中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)園林的繼承和發(fā)展面臨嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)。很多新建的園林景觀僅注重外表,忽略園林精神的追求和民族性格的體現(xiàn)。這導(dǎo)致園林景觀缺少對(duì)歷史文化的延續(xù)、地域特征的體現(xiàn)和民族性格的彰顯,往往呈現(xiàn)出大同小異、千篇一律的面貌,毫無(wú)特色,讓人視覺疲勞。在這種現(xiàn)狀背景下,論文試圖通過對(duì)東西方古典園林的比較,說明民族性格對(duì)園林具有重要影響。本文通過跨學(xué)科交叉研究,以文化人類學(xué)為研究角度,對(duì)園林設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行性格、精神層次的探究。14-17世紀(jì),中意兩國(guó)園林發(fā)展具有相似特點(diǎn):第一,兩國(guó)具有相似的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)背景。中國(guó)江南地區(qū)自明永樂以來,安定統(tǒng)一,資本主義的萌芽帶來了開放繁榮的市民文化;意大利中部地區(qū)的佛羅倫薩與羅馬地區(qū)較之其它城邦社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮,給人文主義和藝術(shù)發(fā)展提供了優(yōu)渥土壤。第二,兩國(guó)具有相似的思想文化環(huán)境。在穩(wěn)定繁榮的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)背景下,兩個(gè)社會(huì)都為人文主義思想的發(fā)展提供了一個(gè)良好的平臺(tái),人的主觀能動(dòng)性逐漸復(fù)蘇,人對(duì)于藝術(shù)的追求得到釋放。包括園林在內(nèi)的各類藝術(shù)均得到高速發(fā)展。第三,兩國(guó)先后達(dá)到造園的鼎盛時(shí)期。意大利處于文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期,各個(gè)階層對(duì)造園藝術(shù)的追求空前絕后,建筑、雕塑、繪畫方面人才輩出;明清時(shí)期的江南私家園林造園手法登峰造極,文人造園之風(fēng)盛行。文章的第一部分,結(jié)合時(shí)代背景和社會(huì)文化現(xiàn)象,通過對(duì)文獻(xiàn)資料的收集與整理,發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)今園林景觀的營(yíng)建中存在歸屬感缺失、地域性模糊等問題,提出通過民族性格研究園林景觀的可行性和必要性。第二部分,首先,通過14-17世紀(jì)中意私家園林的實(shí)例分析,歸納特定時(shí)期內(nèi)園林發(fā)展特點(diǎn);其次,通過橫向和縱向的對(duì)比、從整體到局部的分析,在園林特征中尋找民族性格;最后,對(duì)中意民族性格的成因進(jìn)行分析,并以此為依據(jù),研究民族性格在園林中的體現(xiàn)。最后一部分為論文的結(jié)論,通過分析異同、總結(jié)歸納,得出民族性格在園林設(shè)計(jì)中的重要指導(dǎo)意義。為地域文化景觀的營(yíng)造提供一定的思路和依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of globalization and urbanization, the oriental civilization is impacted by the "western culture", which represents the advanced civilization of the world, which makes the oriental civilization, including Chinese garden culture, tend to be weak. The sense of belonging of Chinese urban gardens has declined, and the regional landscape culture is missing. These phenomena make the inheritance and development of Chinese traditional gardens face a severe test. Many newly-built landscape only pay attention to appearance, ignore the pursuit of garden spirit and the embodiment of national character. This leads to the lack of continuity of historical and cultural landscape, the regional characteristics of the embodiment and the national character of the display, often showing the same, the same face, no feature, visual fatigue. In this context, the paper tries to show that the national character has an important influence on the garden by comparing the eastern and western classical gardens. In this paper, from the perspective of cultural anthropology, this paper explores the character of garden design in the spirit of the 14th-17th century. The development of gardens in China and Italy has similar characteristics: first, the two countries have similar political and economic background. Since the beginning of Yongle in the south of the Yangtze River in China, stability and unity, and the germination of capitalism have brought about an open and prosperous civic culture. In central Italy, Florence and Rome have enjoyed social stability and economic prosperity compared with other city-states. To humanism and the development of the arts to provide a fertile soil. Second, the two countries have similar ideological and cultural environment. Under the political and economic background of stability and prosperity, the two societies have provided a good platform for the development of humanism. The subjective initiative of human is gradually reviving, and the pursuit of art is released. All kinds of art, including gardens, have developed at a high speed. Third, the two countries have reached the peak of gardening. Italy is in the Renaissance period, all walks of life to the pursuit of gardening art unprecedented, architecture, sculpture, painting talent; the Ming and Qing dynasties Jiangnan private garden gardening techniques to the peak, literati gardening prevailing. The first part of the article, combined with the background of the times and social and cultural phenomena, through the collection and collation of literature and materials, found that there are some problems in the construction of landscape architecture, such as lack of sense of belonging, regional ambiguity and so on. Put forward the feasibility and necessity of studying garden landscape through national character. The second part, first, through the 14-17 century in Italy private garden examples analysis, summed up the characteristics of garden development in a specific period, secondly, through horizontal and vertical comparison, from the overall to local analysis, in order to find the national character in the garden characteristics; Finally, the cause of formation of Chinese and Italian national character is analyzed, and based on it, the embodiment of national character in garden is studied. The last part is the conclusion of the paper, through analyzing the similarities and differences, summing up the conclusion, the important guiding significance of the national character in the garden design. For the construction of regional cultural landscape to provide certain ideas and basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU-098.4

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本文編號(hào)：2131306