本文關(guān)鍵詞：月原型的存在與衍變，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

月原型的存在與衍變

月原型的存在與衍變

月在我國古代文學(xué)作品中占有非常重要的地位。臺灣學(xué)者杜而未曾把我國古代文化描述為月神文化。月與文學(xué)作品中其它物象的不同在于,它不僅僅是作為一個(gè)自然物象被文人頻繁引用并觸動了人們某種共同心理情境,更重要的是月作為一種秩序的代表影響著人們對人生、宇宙的看法。正是基于此,諸多學(xué)者對月進(jìn)行了研究,且多集中于兩方面：一是對月神話的研究；二是對我國古代詩、詞、小說等作品中月的研究。它們大多以原型理論為依據(jù),探討月所蘊(yùn)含的意 義。這些研究的共同點(diǎn)是：都注重原型的初始性、共同性特點(diǎn)而致力于尋找共同。本文則通過對原型觀的梳理,側(cè)重于原型的置換變形。筆者認(rèn)為：文學(xué)原型是在歷史演變和文學(xué)發(fā)展的過程中逐漸形成的。文學(xué)原型在這個(gè)過程中不斷地進(jìn)行著形式和意 義方面的突破,不斷地豐富著自己。從這個(gè)角度來說,原型不斷豐富的過程也就是它置換變形的過程,也就是原型的存在。我們根據(jù)月原型在不同階段的不同特點(diǎn)可以把我國古代文學(xué)作品中的月原型分為三個(gè)階段。它們分別是月原型的自然形態(tài)期、月原型的審美形態(tài)期、月原型的敘事形態(tài)期。前兩個(gè)階段和后一個(gè)階段可以宋為界。宋之前,詩是我國古代文學(xué)作品的主要表現(xiàn)形式,月在詩中出現(xiàn)的頻率也極高,因此,此時(shí)期主要以詩中月原型的探討為主。我國古人天人合一的哲學(xué)觀念和觀物取象的思維方式影響著我國原型的呈現(xiàn)方式。賦、比、興表現(xiàn)手法及意象、意境理論范疇都是這種思想和思維在不同階段的呈現(xiàn)。我們將它們與原型聯(lián)系起來來探討宋之前詩中的月原型。月原型的自然形態(tài)期主要指先秦、兩漢時(shí)期。賦、比、興的表現(xiàn)手法在某種程度上規(guī)定了月在詩中的位置,也使我們可以通過這種手法窺探遠(yuǎn)古先民對月的認(rèn)知和建構(gòu)。月原型的審美形態(tài)期主要指漢以后宋之前的這段時(shí)期。我們具體分為魏晉南北朝和唐這兩個(gè)小階段。在此時(shí)期,古人的詩美追求是意象和意境,它們使月原型通過不同的渠道觸動人們的心靈。月原型的敘事形態(tài)期指宋以后。此時(shí)期敘事類文體興起,此類文體可以虛構(gòu)的特性使得月在此時(shí)期成為人們世俗愿望的直接實(shí)現(xiàn)處。月的世俗性更為濃厚。人們對月原型的認(rèn)知和構(gòu)建出現(xiàn)了極大的變化。月已成為文人的一種心理模式,影響著他們對文本的構(gòu)建。此時(shí)期,對月原型運(yùn)用最為完美的是《紅樓夢》。在這里,月是美麗的,也是富有哲理的。

【Abstract】 The moon occupies a very important place in the ancient Chinese literature works. The scholastic Du Erwei of Taiwan has described Chinese ancient culture as moon culture. The different between moon and other things in the literature is that not only it is frequently used by the literators as natural things to touch some common psychology state of people, but also the moon stands for some order which affects people’s ideas about life and the world. Just so, a lot of scholastics have studied the moon for a long time. The study fastens on two main facets:one is the mythic about the moon, the other is the moon in the poem, the fiction and so on. Most of the studies of moon in the ancient works research for the meaning of moon according to the Archetypes. The same point of these studies is that they all attach great importance to the originality and communality and find them out. This thesis tries to find out the displacement and transformation by sorting out the archetype of moon. According to the writer, the literary archetype is formed gradually with the development of literature. In this course, the literary archetype enriches itself by the breakthrough of form and meaning. From this angle, the course of the archetype enriching itself can also be seem as the course of the displacement and transformation of archetype, which is the existence of archetype.According to the differences at every stage of it, the archetype of moon of Chinese ancient literature is divided into three stages. It includes the natural state of the archetype of moon, the aesthetic state of the archetype of moon, the narration state of the archetype of moon.The boundary between the first two states and the last state is the Song Dynasty. Before the Song Dynasty, poem is the main style of Chinese ancient literature, the frequency of the imagery of moon appeared in the poem is very high. Therefore, the research mainly fastens on the archetype of moon in the poem in this period. The present of Chinese archetype is affected by our philosophical idea of the unify of human and nature, and our way of thinking. The manifestation way of metrics, metaphor, xing, and the theory and category of imagery, artistic conception, are both the presence of such an unique philosophical idea and way of thinking evolving in different period. This thesis tries to research the archetype of moon before the Song Dynasty by connecting above mentioned with archetype. The natural state of the archetype of moon is mainly the Pre-Qin and the Han Dynasty. The manifestation way of metrics, metaphor, xing prescribe the position of the archetype of moon, and also by this way, we can pry into the cognition and foundation of the ancients about the archetype of moon. The aesthetic state of the archetype of moon is mainly the Wei Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty, Nan Bei Dynasty, and Tang Dynasty. In this phase, the ancients seek for the poetic of imagery and artistic conception. They lead the archetype of moon touch people’s string by various ways. The narration state of the archetype of moon is mainly the period after the Song Dynasty. In this phase, the style of Narration has risen. The characteristic of fictitious of such a style, lead the archetype of moon became the thing where people can make their profane dreams into reality, and which deeper the characteristic of profane of the archetype of moon. People’s cognition and foundation about the archetype of moon has changed greatly. The archetype of moon has become a psychology pattern to the literators, and affects the establishment of their texts. is a perfect example of the use of the archetype of moon in that phase, where, the moon is beauteous beautiful, fully philosophical.

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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：月原型的存在與衍變，，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。