文學觀念變革的時代標本-《當代文藝思潮》研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-19 08:20
【摘要】：作為對學界"重返八十年代"研究的呼應,本文從活躍于1980年代并且產(chǎn)生廣泛影響的一份文藝理論刊物——《當代文藝思潮》入手來考察1980年代我國文學觀念的演變歷程。這份刊物在當時影響巨大,它所刊發(fā)的文章被《人大復印資料》轉(zhuǎn)載共224篇,被《新華文摘》轉(zhuǎn)載共9篇。本文認為在中國大陸,中國共產(chǎn)黨領導下的文聯(lián)和作協(xié)是文學體制的執(zhí)行性實體機構�！懂敶乃囁汲薄纷鳛楦拭C省文聯(lián)主辦的刊物,其性質(zhì)當屬文學體制的一部分。本文將《當代文藝思潮》刊發(fā)的文章大致分為四個類別:理論文本、史論文本、評論文本與方法論文本。在理論文本方面,內(nèi)容十分豐富。首先,關于左翼文學理論的討論,通過開辟"馬列文藝思想研究"、"毛澤東文藝思想研究"、"紀念《講話》發(fā)表四十五周年"等專欄,刊發(fā)了相當一部分對已有結(jié)論提出商榷和另辟蹊徑的文章,這些文章給傳統(tǒng)左翼文學理論注入了新的活力,從而推動了一個多元共生局面的形成。其次,關于"人道主義"的討論,用"啟蒙人道主義"代替了"階級論",迅速突破"資產(chǎn)階級人道主義"抑或"社會主義人道主義"的窠臼,將人道主義認同為人類社會的普遍原則。以是否表現(xiàn)了完整的"人性"為標準來對當代文學進行重新審視。但是,《當代文藝思潮》所倡導的"人道主義"難以突破"啟蒙人道主義"的局限。再次,關于文學"主體性"和"向內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)"的討論,《當代文藝思潮》所刊發(fā)的文章體現(xiàn)了對創(chuàng)作主體和對象主體的雙重尊重,體現(xiàn)了對文學獨立性的強調(diào)以及對文學研究本體性的回歸。又次,關于"實踐美學"的討論,《當代文藝思潮》所刊發(fā)的文章體現(xiàn)了人學、人類學本體論研究思路和以審美活動為中心的研究思路。以上討論構成了一個倡導"人的覺醒"的系列。今天來看,《當代文藝思潮》所刊發(fā)的高揚人的價值的文章,無疑推動了文學觀念的變革,使之朝著更加合理化的方向發(fā)展。但是在這一過程中,這些文章也幾乎是不可避免地陷入了二元對立思維的窠臼。最后,關于"現(xiàn)代主義"的討論,《當代文藝思潮》通過開設"國外文藝思潮之窗"欄目以及刊發(fā)如徐敬亞的《崛起的詩群——評我國詩歌的現(xiàn)代傾向》等文章推動了 "現(xiàn)代主義"理論在中國的傳播。在史論文本方面,《當代文藝思潮》通過《就當代文學問題答當代文藝思潮編輯部問》和《中國當代社會主義文藝的回顧與展望——評論家筆談、答問》以及圍繞它們所組織的一系列文章參與了"進化論"和"斷裂論"的文學史觀在1980年代的形成與傳播。在新時期文學應該承續(xù)五四文學還是"十七年"文學的問題上,《當代文藝思潮》刊發(fā)的文章各執(zhí)一詞,特別是主張回歸五四文學傳統(tǒng)的文章不可避免地跌入了"本質(zhì)主義"和"整體主義"的陷阱。在評論文本方面,《當代文藝思潮》表現(xiàn)出比同時期的同類刊物更加大膽的特點。但也留下了缺乏時間距離而產(chǎn)生的"沉淀"性不足的缺憾。但是,對以王蒙的作品為代表的"意識流"小說的肯定,對以劉索拉、徐星的作品為代表的"現(xiàn)代派"小說的深入分析,對作為一個整體的"尋根文學"的關注,對新銳批評家的重視,對青年批評家的提攜,是應該充分肯定的,它們都體現(xiàn)了文學觀念在1980年代中期發(fā)生的巨大變革。在方法論文本方面,《當代文藝思潮》通過開設"文藝學與社會科學"、"美學與文藝學的現(xiàn)代化問題"、"文藝學、美學與其他科學"、"文藝學與現(xiàn)代科學"、"文藝新百科"等欄目刊發(fā)了一系列研究文章,給予庸俗社會學研究方法以沉重的打擊,打破文學藝術研究方法單一的局面,喚醒了文藝研究的"方法論"意識。但也存在著生硬"橫移"自然科學研究方法,過高估計方法的作用的弊端。通過對《當代文藝思潮》的研究,我們發(fā)現(xiàn):1980年代的文學觀念遠不如想象中的那樣單質(zhì)化、純粹化。至少是左翼文學觀念與"新啟蒙"文學觀念并存。"新啟蒙"文學觀念應該處于主潮的位置,它在1980年代的形成是"體制"內(nèi)變革的結(jié)果。作為"新啟蒙"文學觀核心觀點的文學的人學屬性和文學的自律性,在1980年代中期得到了廣泛認同,但卻缺乏反思。傳統(tǒng)左翼文學觀并沒有對"新啟蒙"文學觀形成打壓之勢,相反,持左翼文學觀的人士在對待"新啟蒙"文學觀的時候,大多數(shù)是采取交流和探討的態(tài)度,而且對"新啟蒙"文學觀的一些核心觀點,他們也是接受的。
[Abstract]:In response to the study of "returning to the 1980s", this paper examines the evolution of literary concepts in China in the 1980s from a literary and artistic theoretical Journal - "Contemporary Trends of Thought in Literature and Art" - which was active in the 1980s and had a wide influence. This journal had a great influence at that time, and its articles were reprinted by the People's Congress of China. There are 224 articles, which were reprinted in the Xinhua Digest. This paper holds that in the mainland of China, the Federation of Literature and Works under the leadership of the Communist Party of China is the executive entity of the literary system. There are four categories: theoretical texts, historical texts, commentary texts and methodological texts. In theoretical texts, the content is very rich. Firstly, the discussion on the left-wing literary theory has been published in quite a few columns, such as "the study of Marxist-Leninist literary thought", "the study of Mao Zedong's literary thought", "the commemoration of the forty-fifth anniversary of the publication of the Speech". These articles inject new vitality into the Traditional Left-wing literary theory and thus promote the formation of a pluralistic symbiosis. Secondly, the discussion of "humanitarianism" replaces "class theory" with "enlightenment humanitarianism" and breaks through "bourgeois humanitarianism" or "social ownership" rapidly. Humanitarianism is a universal principle of human society. It is necessary to re-examine contemporary literature on the basis of its integrity. However, humanism advocated by Contemporary Trends of Literature and Art is hard to break through the limitations of enlightening humanism. Thirdly, the subjectivity and harmony of literature turn inward. The articles published in Contemporary Trends of Thought in Literature and Art reflect the double respect for the subject of creation and the subject of object, the emphasis on the independence of literature and the return to the ontology of literary research. The above discussion constitutes a series of advocates of "human awakening". Today, the articles that promote human values published in Contemporary Trends of Literature and Art undoubtedly promote the transformation of literary ideas and make them more rational. Finally, the discussion of modernism, the opening of the "Window of Foreign Literary and Artistic Trends" column and the publication of such articles as Xu Jingya's "Rising Poetry Groups - Commenting on the Modern Tendency of Chinese Poetry" promoted the spread of "modernism" theory in China. In terms of historical texts, "Contemporary Literature and Art Trends" and "Review and Prospect of Contemporary Chinese Socialist Literature and Art" through "Answering Contemporary Literature and Art Trend Editorial Questions" and "Critics'Written Talk, Answer" and a series of articles organized around them participated in the literary historical outlook of "Evolutionism" and "Fragmentation Theory" in the 1980s. On the question of whether literature in the new period should continue the May 4th Literature or the 17-year Literature, the articles published in Contemporary Literature and Art Trend hold different opinions, especially those advocating a return to the May 4th Literature tradition inevitably fall into the trap of "essentialism" and "holism". However, the affirmation of Wang Meng's "stream of consciousness" novels, the in-depth analysis of "modernist" novels represented by Liu Sola and Xu Xing, and the search for "modernist" novels as a whole The attention paid to the root literature, the attention paid to the new critics and the promotion of the young critics should be fully affirmed. They all reflect the tremendous changes in literary concepts that took place in the mid-1980s. "Art, Aesthetics and Other Sciences", "Literature and Art and Modern Science", "New Encyclopedia of Literature and Art" and other columns published a series of research articles, which gave a heavy blow to vulgar sociological research methods, broke the single situation of literary and art research methods, and aroused the "methodological" consciousness of literary and art research. Through the study of Contemporary Trends of Literature and Art, we find that the literary concepts of the 1980s are far less simple and pure than those of the imagination. At least the left-wing literary concepts and the "new enlightenment" literary concepts coexist. The formation of literature is the result of the reform in the "system". The humanistic nature and literary self-discipline of literature, as the core of the "new enlightenment" literary view, were widely recognized in the mid-1980s, but lacked reflection. The Traditional Left-wing literary view did not suppress the "new enlightenment" literary view, on the contrary, the people who hold the "left-wing literary view" are treating the "new enlightenment" literary view. Most of the new enlightenment literary views adopt an attitude of communication and discussion, and they also accept some of the core views of the new enlightenment literary view.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：I206.7
本文編號：2249571
[Abstract]:In response to the study of "returning to the 1980s", this paper examines the evolution of literary concepts in China in the 1980s from a literary and artistic theoretical Journal - "Contemporary Trends of Thought in Literature and Art" - which was active in the 1980s and had a wide influence. This journal had a great influence at that time, and its articles were reprinted by the People's Congress of China. There are 224 articles, which were reprinted in the Xinhua Digest. This paper holds that in the mainland of China, the Federation of Literature and Works under the leadership of the Communist Party of China is the executive entity of the literary system. There are four categories: theoretical texts, historical texts, commentary texts and methodological texts. In theoretical texts, the content is very rich. Firstly, the discussion on the left-wing literary theory has been published in quite a few columns, such as "the study of Marxist-Leninist literary thought", "the study of Mao Zedong's literary thought", "the commemoration of the forty-fifth anniversary of the publication of the Speech". These articles inject new vitality into the Traditional Left-wing literary theory and thus promote the formation of a pluralistic symbiosis. Secondly, the discussion of "humanitarianism" replaces "class theory" with "enlightenment humanitarianism" and breaks through "bourgeois humanitarianism" or "social ownership" rapidly. Humanitarianism is a universal principle of human society. It is necessary to re-examine contemporary literature on the basis of its integrity. However, humanism advocated by Contemporary Trends of Literature and Art is hard to break through the limitations of enlightening humanism. Thirdly, the subjectivity and harmony of literature turn inward. The articles published in Contemporary Trends of Thought in Literature and Art reflect the double respect for the subject of creation and the subject of object, the emphasis on the independence of literature and the return to the ontology of literary research. The above discussion constitutes a series of advocates of "human awakening". Today, the articles that promote human values published in Contemporary Trends of Literature and Art undoubtedly promote the transformation of literary ideas and make them more rational. Finally, the discussion of modernism, the opening of the "Window of Foreign Literary and Artistic Trends" column and the publication of such articles as Xu Jingya's "Rising Poetry Groups - Commenting on the Modern Tendency of Chinese Poetry" promoted the spread of "modernism" theory in China. In terms of historical texts, "Contemporary Literature and Art Trends" and "Review and Prospect of Contemporary Chinese Socialist Literature and Art" through "Answering Contemporary Literature and Art Trend Editorial Questions" and "Critics'Written Talk, Answer" and a series of articles organized around them participated in the literary historical outlook of "Evolutionism" and "Fragmentation Theory" in the 1980s. On the question of whether literature in the new period should continue the May 4th Literature or the 17-year Literature, the articles published in Contemporary Literature and Art Trend hold different opinions, especially those advocating a return to the May 4th Literature tradition inevitably fall into the trap of "essentialism" and "holism". However, the affirmation of Wang Meng's "stream of consciousness" novels, the in-depth analysis of "modernist" novels represented by Liu Sola and Xu Xing, and the search for "modernist" novels as a whole The attention paid to the root literature, the attention paid to the new critics and the promotion of the young critics should be fully affirmed. They all reflect the tremendous changes in literary concepts that took place in the mid-1980s. "Art, Aesthetics and Other Sciences", "Literature and Art and Modern Science", "New Encyclopedia of Literature and Art" and other columns published a series of research articles, which gave a heavy blow to vulgar sociological research methods, broke the single situation of literary and art research methods, and aroused the "methodological" consciousness of literary and art research. Through the study of Contemporary Trends of Literature and Art, we find that the literary concepts of the 1980s are far less simple and pure than those of the imagination. At least the left-wing literary concepts and the "new enlightenment" literary concepts coexist. The formation of literature is the result of the reform in the "system". The humanistic nature and literary self-discipline of literature, as the core of the "new enlightenment" literary view, were widely recognized in the mid-1980s, but lacked reflection. The Traditional Left-wing literary view did not suppress the "new enlightenment" literary view, on the contrary, the people who hold the "left-wing literary view" are treating the "new enlightenment" literary view. Most of the new enlightenment literary views adopt an attitude of communication and discussion, and they also accept some of the core views of the new enlightenment literary view.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：I206.7
【參考文獻】
相關博士學位論文 前2條
1 劉堅;媒介文化思潮與當代文學觀念[D];吉林大學;2012年
2 李明德;當代中國文化語境中的文學期刊研究[D];蘭州大學;2006年
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