【摘要】：明初,在新舊朝交替之際,明初各地教官多為元朝遺逸,他們還帶有舊文人對(duì)于新朝的疑慮。同時(shí),也有融入新朝,為新朝服務(wù)的文人士大夫。這樣不同的群體的文人,在進(jìn)行戲劇創(chuàng)作時(shí),便會(huì)有所不同。加之,明初政治及社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩,都城的經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等還不能在朝夕之間恢復(fù)到往日繁榮的地步,及各種條件如統(tǒng)治者對(duì)文人思想的束縛、統(tǒng)治者對(duì)音樂的態(tài)度及政策和明初的文化文化多方面的影響,造就了明初文人的戲劇創(chuàng)作獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格特點(diǎn)。明中期,景泰元年發(fā)生的土木堡之變使得明朝當(dāng)時(shí)的政治環(huán)境開始改變,商業(yè)的發(fā)展使得明中期的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,繁榮,文化的商品化也是文人士大夫的心態(tài)發(fā)生很大的轉(zhuǎn)變,戲曲文化從明中期發(fā)展起來,文人成為戲劇創(chuàng)作的主體,戲劇從質(zhì)樸開始變得典雅起來。一些作品開始講究辭藻和聲律,一些作品則更加注重個(gè)體內(nèi)心的表達(dá),戲劇作品的增多也促進(jìn)了戲劇理論的發(fā)展。萬歷至明亡為明后期,這一時(shí)期政治腐敗,皇帝不理朝政,奸佞當(dāng)?shù)?一部分文人對(duì)政治失去熱情和希望,抑郁而失意;一部分文人則仍然心懷抱負(fù),努力濟(jì)世,這樣不同的心情則體現(xiàn)于他們的作品之中。有明一代經(jīng)歷了從新朝建立、中期發(fā)展到后期繁榮的過程,期間出現(xiàn)了非常豐富的戲劇作品以及不同的戲劇創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格,致使文人戲劇創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格不同的原因與豐富多樣。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, most of the instructors in the early Ming Dynasty were left by the Yuan Dynasty, and they also had the misgivings of the old scholars about the new dynasty. At the same time, there are also into the new dynasty, for the new dynasty of literati and officials. Such different groups of literati, in the creation of drama, will be different. In addition, the political and social turmoil in the early Ming Dynasty, the economy and culture of the capital could not return to the stage of prosperity in the morning, and various conditions such as the restraint of the rulers on the thought of the literati, The rulers' attitude to music and their policies and cultural influences in the early Ming Dynasty resulted in the unique style and characteristics of the literati's drama creation in the early Ming Dynasty. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, the change of civil engineering castle in the first year of Jingtai made the political environment of Ming Dynasty begin to change. The development of commerce made the economic development, prosperity and commercialization of culture in the middle of Ming Dynasty, which was also a great change in the mentality of literati and officials. Opera culture developed from the middle of Ming Dynasty, literati became the main body of drama creation and drama became elegant from simplicity. Some works begin to pay attention to rhetoric and rhythm, others pay more attention to the expression of individual heart, and the increase of drama works also promotes the development of drama theory. Wanli died in the late Ming Dynasty, a period of political corruption, in which the emperor ignored the government, and was unscrupulous. Some literati lost enthusiasm and hope for politics and were depressed; others were still aspiring and working hard to help the world. This different mood is reflected in their works. The Ming Dynasty experienced the process from the establishment of the new dynasty to the prosperity of the later period, during which there appeared a very rich drama works and different dramatic creation styles, which led to the different reasons and rich diversity of the literati drama creation styles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I207.37

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本文編號(hào)：2246400