社會史視域下的金圣嘆研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-20 12:15
【摘要】：金圣嘆是明末清初小說批評派創(chuàng)始人,著有《選批唐才子詩》、《天下才子必讀書》、《大題才子文》、《小題才子文》、《南華字制》以及佛學著作《西域風俗記》等,特別是金批《水滸傳》、金批《第五才子書—西廂記》奠定了他在文學批評界的大師地位。金圣嘆博學多識,廣涉經(jīng)史子集和小說戲劇民歌,深究儒釋道三教,有著強烈的民本意識,并通過“小說評點”著書自娛的途徑來表達這種“民貴君輕”“視民如天”的民本思想。在《西廂記》《水滸傳》的評點中,他秉筆直書,大膽地為《西廂記》正名,肯定《水滸傳》中農(nóng)民起義的合法與正義性,批判社會的黑暗,熱情謳歌農(nóng)民起義的英雄們,強調“庶人之議”,發(fā)泄被迫害的人民大眾的憤怒的心聲。他思想中的這種民主傾向與反專制意識在當時是難能可貴的。特別值得一提的是,他在崇禎十四年對《水滸傳》評點也正是魏忠賢宦黨掌權最黑暗的時期。他本人也終因參與反抗貪官污吏而付出了生命的代價,表現(xiàn)出了一個中國傳統(tǒng)知識分子不畏權貴,堅持真理的錚錚骨氣。金圣嘆選擇以“著書自娛”,即通過金批《西廂記》、《水滸傳》小說評點方式來倡導“民貴君輕”“視民如天”民本思想,這種社會角色的自我定位也是生逢亂世、宦官亂政、民不聊生的社會背景下吳中才子們“蔑棄禮法、譏諷道學、放縱性情、狂傲好名”所共有的選擇。前有唐伯虎、祝枝山,后有馮夢龍、錢謙益、袁于令、龍侗等。他們這種“異端加才子”的獨特人格融進了吳中文化的血脈,而作為蘇州狂士文化現(xiàn)象的典型代表,金圣嘆用自已的人生傳奇為中國“才子文化”增添了炫目的一筆。金批《水滸傳》、《西廂記》獲得巨大社會影響。該書在社會上廣泛流傳至今,成為“自少至老,自智至愚”無不談之愛之的讀物。金圣嘆的“才子”書,特別是金批《水滸》始終是小說理論批評界所關注的熱點。三百余年來的金圣嘆研究也因此附上了社會變遷與時代發(fā)展的絡印。
[Abstract]:Jin Shengtan is the founder of the criticism school of novels in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He is the author of Tang Caizi Poems, the Book of Literary works of the World Talent, the Great title of the Talent, the small title, the Nanhua character system, and the Buddhist works, the Custom of the Western regions, and so on. Especially "Water margin" and "the Fifth Talent Book of the West Chamber" established his position as a master in literary criticism. Jin Shengtan was knowledgeable, extensively involved in a subset of classics and history and folk songs in novels and dramas, studied Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and had a strong sense of people-oriented. And through the way of writing books to express this kind of people-oriented thought of "looking at the people as heaven". In his comments on the Book of the West Chamber, Water margin, he boldly corrected the name of the book, affirmed the lawfulness and justice of the peasant uprising in the Water margin, criticized the darkness of society, and enthusiastically eulogized the heroes of the peasant uprising. Emphasize the opinion of the common people and vent the angry feelings of the persecuted people. The democratic tendency and anti-autocratic consciousness in his thoughts were commendable at that time. In particular, his comment on the Water margin in Chongzhen fourteen years was the darkest period when Wei Zhongxian was in power. He himself paid the price of his life for participating in the resistance against corrupt officials and showed the integrity of a Chinese traditional intellectual who did not fear power and insisted on the truth. Jin Shengtan chose to "write books and entertain himself", that is to say, he advocated the idea of "people and noble gentlemen light" and "looking at the people as heaven" through the way of commenting on the novels of Jin criticism, "West Chamber" and "Water margin". This kind of self-orientation of social role is also to be born in troubled times and eunuchs to disorderly politics. Under the social background of people living in misery, the talents of Wuzhong "scorn and abandon etiquette, ridicule Taoism, indulge temperament, and be proud of a good name" is a common choice. Former Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, after Feng Menglong, Qian Qianyi, Yuan Yu Ling, long Dong and so on. Their unique personality of "heresy and talent" melts into the blood of Wuzhong culture, and as a typical representative of the cultural phenomenon in Suzhou, Jin Shengtan adds a dazzling stroke to China's "talent culture" with his own life legend. The Golden criticism Water margin, the West Chamber got a huge social impact. The book has been widely circulated in society and has become a reading of love from few to old and from wisdom to folly. Jin Shengtan's "Talent" book, especially the Jin criticism "Water margin", has always been a hot topic in the critical circle of novel theory. For more than 300 years, Jin Shengtan's research also attached the social changes and the development of the times.
【學位授予單位】：蘇州科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：I206.2
[Abstract]:Jin Shengtan is the founder of the criticism school of novels in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He is the author of Tang Caizi Poems, the Book of Literary works of the World Talent, the Great title of the Talent, the small title, the Nanhua character system, and the Buddhist works, the Custom of the Western regions, and so on. Especially "Water margin" and "the Fifth Talent Book of the West Chamber" established his position as a master in literary criticism. Jin Shengtan was knowledgeable, extensively involved in a subset of classics and history and folk songs in novels and dramas, studied Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and had a strong sense of people-oriented. And through the way of writing books to express this kind of people-oriented thought of "looking at the people as heaven". In his comments on the Book of the West Chamber, Water margin, he boldly corrected the name of the book, affirmed the lawfulness and justice of the peasant uprising in the Water margin, criticized the darkness of society, and enthusiastically eulogized the heroes of the peasant uprising. Emphasize the opinion of the common people and vent the angry feelings of the persecuted people. The democratic tendency and anti-autocratic consciousness in his thoughts were commendable at that time. In particular, his comment on the Water margin in Chongzhen fourteen years was the darkest period when Wei Zhongxian was in power. He himself paid the price of his life for participating in the resistance against corrupt officials and showed the integrity of a Chinese traditional intellectual who did not fear power and insisted on the truth. Jin Shengtan chose to "write books and entertain himself", that is to say, he advocated the idea of "people and noble gentlemen light" and "looking at the people as heaven" through the way of commenting on the novels of Jin criticism, "West Chamber" and "Water margin". This kind of self-orientation of social role is also to be born in troubled times and eunuchs to disorderly politics. Under the social background of people living in misery, the talents of Wuzhong "scorn and abandon etiquette, ridicule Taoism, indulge temperament, and be proud of a good name" is a common choice. Former Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, after Feng Menglong, Qian Qianyi, Yuan Yu Ling, long Dong and so on. Their unique personality of "heresy and talent" melts into the blood of Wuzhong culture, and as a typical representative of the cultural phenomenon in Suzhou, Jin Shengtan adds a dazzling stroke to China's "talent culture" with his own life legend. The Golden criticism Water margin, the West Chamber got a huge social impact. The book has been widely circulated in society and has become a reading of love from few to old and from wisdom to folly. Jin Shengtan's "Talent" book, especially the Jin criticism "Water margin", has always been a hot topic in the critical circle of novel theory. For more than 300 years, Jin Shengtan's research also attached the social changes and the development of the times.
【學位授予單位】：蘇州科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：I206.2
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