發(fā)布時間：2018-07-03 09:04

  本文選題：魯迅 + 進(jìn)化論　； 參考：《蘇州大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：“進(jìn)化論”和“國民性”都是在魯迅思想中占據(jù)重要地位的組成部分。在十九世紀(jì)末的背景下,二者有類似的思想發(fā)展譜系,它們在西方產(chǎn)生、演變,并同時作為普遍性的思想資源向東方傳播。在“救亡”和“啟蒙”雙重變奏余音之下的青年魯迅在短時間內(nèi)接受了這二者,并有意無意地將兩者結(jié)合起來,最終使兩者在其思想內(nèi)部呈現(xiàn)出互相支撐又互相滲透的復(fù)雜關(guān)系。本文試圖還原魯迅早期思想的發(fā)展路徑,構(gòu)建出二者關(guān)系的可能圖景。本文將分為三章進(jìn)行論述。第一章:梳理“進(jìn)化論”和“國民性”在十九世紀(jì)末的思想發(fā)展譜系。借由本章,筆者試圖強(qiáng)調(diào):(1)“進(jìn)化論”作為一種“觀念革命”迅速地滲透到了生物、社會、文化等多個領(lǐng)域,其最重要的作用在于從事實(shí)上固化了人類的“進(jìn)步”理念。(2)主觀精神是潛伏在晚清“國民性”思潮的中的一條重要線索。第二章:明確“進(jìn)化論”和“國民性”在魯迅思想中的特點(diǎn)和地位。借由本章,筆者試圖突出:(1)在尼采等相關(guān)思想的影響下,“退化”和“精神”是魯迅進(jìn)入“進(jìn)化論”的重要維度。(2)“國民性”在魯迅眼中是一個動態(tài)概念,其和“文化”的進(jìn)化存在正相關(guān)。第三章:“進(jìn)化論”和“國民性”關(guān)系的建構(gòu)。本章是論文的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。筆者將從兩者聯(lián)系的可能性和兩者具體的聯(lián)系路徑這兩個層次進(jìn)行建構(gòu)。首先,針對可能性,筆者試圖突出:(1)魯迅的思想資源共同的“進(jìn)化論”色彩。(2)魯迅“問題意識”的導(dǎo)向作用。(3)尼采思路的可能影響。其次,關(guān)于具體聯(lián)系,筆者將著力分析:(1)從“進(jìn)化”到“立人”。(2)從“精神退化”到“文化批判”。
[Abstract]:Evolution and national character are important parts of Lu Xun thought. Under the background of the end of the 19th century, they had similar lineages of thought development, which emerged and evolved in the West and spread to the East as a universal ideological resource at the same time. Young Lu Xun, under the duality of Salvation and Enlightenment, accepted the two in a short period of time and combined them intentionally or unintentionally. In the end, the two have a complex relationship of mutual support and mutual penetration in their thoughts. This paper attempts to restore the development path of Lu Xun's early thought and construct a possible picture of their relationship. This article will be divided into three chapters to discuss. Chapter one: combing the genealogy of evolution and national character at the end of the nineteenth century. Through this chapter, the author tries to emphasize: (1) as a kind of "idea revolution", the theory of evolution has rapidly penetrated into many fields, such as biology, society, culture, etc. Its most important function is to solidify the idea of "progress" in fact. (2) the subjective spirit is an important clue in the ideological trend of "national character" in the late Qing Dynasty. Chapter two: clarify the characteristics and status of Evolutionism and Nationalism in Lu Xun's thought. Through this chapter, the author tries to highlight: (1) under the influence of Nietzsche and other related thoughts, "degeneration" and "spirit" are the important dimensions for Lu Xun to enter the theory of evolution. (2) "national character" is a dynamic concept in the eyes of Lu Xun. It is positively related to the evolution of culture. Chapter three: the construction of the relationship between Evolutionism and nationality. This chapter is the focus and difficulty of the thesis. The author will construct them from the two levels: the possibility of their connection and the specific path of their connection. Firstly, aiming at the possibility, the author tries to highlight: (1) the common "evolutionary theory" color of Lu Xun's ideological resources; (2) the guiding role of Lu Xun's "problem consciousness"; (3) the possible influence of Nietzsche's thinking. Secondly, the author will focus on the following aspects: (1) from "evolution" to "building man"; (2) from "spiritual degeneration" to "cultural criticism".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：I210

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