發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-18 16:04

  本文選題：民俗事象 + 東北作家群��； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：東北作家群作家在氤氳的烽火之中以流亡者的身份顛沛于祖國大地,他們用淬火于東北人民的血與淚的真吶喊與真歌哭,使得當(dāng)年文壇先驅(qū)者們將眼光投射到這片掙扎在被奴役命運(yùn)的蠻荒雪原之上,并使得東北作家群作品在文學(xué)史的歷時(shí)性發(fā)展過程中取得了較高的文學(xué)地位。在東北作家群的作品中,對于民俗事象的書寫在文本中占有一定的比重,包含豐富意指性因素并對文本敘事具有重要意義的民俗事象書寫理應(yīng)引起研究者的重視。在東北作家群小說的場域之下,文學(xué)與民俗的聯(lián)姻不僅使文本小說表現(xiàn)出濃郁的東北文化氣息,而且還使得當(dāng)時(shí)、此地特定歷史文化下地方民眾生活狀態(tài)反映于文本之中。由于東北地區(qū)受到上古與中古時(shí)期多民族融合和近代殖民文化的影響,關(guān)東土地成為保有和留存豐饒的民俗事象的沃土。東北作家群關(guān)于民俗事象的書寫對后世研究當(dāng)時(shí)東北歷史狀況和作家主體的觀念和心態(tài)具有重要的價(jià)值和意義。本文以民俗事象作為切入點(diǎn)進(jìn)行研究,力圖將民俗研究視角的概念、方法與充盈于以往的地域文化研究視角的相關(guān)研究方法、學(xué)術(shù)概念相剝離,以使得本研究呈現(xiàn)出不同于以往既成的相關(guān)文學(xué)批評的獨(dú)特風(fēng)貌,文章結(jié)合東北作家群民俗事象書寫發(fā)生時(shí)代的歷史資料對其發(fā)生的歷史語境進(jìn)行實(shí)證性的探析,并透過東北作家群小說對民俗事象的描摹探討和總結(jié)出了東北作家群創(chuàng)作主體的民俗書寫觀念,梳理與歸納東北作家群小說中的民俗事象,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)出東北作家群民俗事象書寫所蘊(yùn)含的審美意蘊(yùn)以及其在東北文學(xué)史上重要的歷史文化意義。文章除緒論部分外具體分為五部分:第一部分從東北地域民俗文化和東北作家群書寫語境出發(fā),探討東北作家群民俗事象書寫的發(fā)生語境。本文認(rèn)為東北作家群民俗事象書寫的發(fā)生與其所處的社會(huì)歷史環(huán)境有著密切的聯(lián)系,半封建半殖民地社會(huì)性質(zhì)下的東北經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和宗教狀況共同催生出了東北作家群的民俗事象書寫。首先,在日寇的經(jīng)濟(jì)滲透和侵略之下,東北的經(jīng)濟(jì)日趨殖民地化,既有封建勢力迅速買辦化,加之日本侵略者借助日朝移民問題和金元政策,大舉侵略、吞食東北經(jīng)濟(jì)肌體,東北廣大農(nóng)民在帶有鮮明外殖性的二元對立的東北經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的壓迫下掙扎在苦難、饑餓的生死場上;其次,自清末以降,日俄侵略者一直對東北奉行蠶食、滲透的侵略政策,奉系軍閥時(shí)期,東北的地方官憲勢力和封建勢力在很大程度上已經(jīng)淪為侵略者的爪牙和走狗,“九·一八”事變之后,日本大舉侵略東北并在政治、文教和社會(huì)等領(lǐng)域荼毒東北人民,在以官憲、族權(quán)勢力為代表的封建反動(dòng)政治勢力和殘暴的日寇的聯(lián)合壓迫之下,東北人民處于被殺戮、被侮辱和被戕害的悲慘境地之中;最后,在千百年的歷史進(jìn)程中,東北文化受到北方通古斯民族和關(guān)里漢民族文化的雙重影響,東北地區(qū)的宗教也呈現(xiàn)出關(guān)內(nèi)佛、道教、地方薩滿教和外來的基督教多教雜糅并存的局面,然而東北人民的多神崇拜、多教雜處的“淫祀化”宗教信仰在一定程度上瓦解了東北民眾的斗爭精神和凝聚力,使得東北人民在日寇淫威下愈加暗弱和悲慘。東北作家群民俗事象書寫正是在日寇鐵蹄踐踏和人民水深火熱的時(shí)代語境之下逐漸產(chǎn)生的。第二部分著重分析東北作家群作家進(jìn)行民俗事象創(chuàng)作的民俗觀念以及這種觀念發(fā)生的動(dòng)力。東北作家群作家在文學(xué)創(chuàng)作所呈現(xiàn)出來的民俗觀念具有比較明顯的悖反性,一方面東北作家群認(rèn)識(shí)到了東北民俗觀念中潛隱著的反秩序性,東北人民“掛柱”成性的胡匪文化和婚俗中的反禮教觀念正是東北民俗中人民的反抗精神的鮮明例證,而另一方面東北作家群作家的民俗觀念又呈現(xiàn)出一定的守成性,東北作家群在書寫中對東北民俗中的“淫祀化”宗教傾向并未持全然的否定態(tài)度,而對隱沒在民間生活中的源自于人民自身的壓迫性因素,東北作家群作家也并未進(jìn)行徹底的批判。由此可見,東北作家群對東北民俗報(bào)以的觀念性認(rèn)識(shí)是具有辯難性和悖反性的。東北作家群之所以對東北民俗呈現(xiàn)出二律悖反式的認(rèn)識(shí)與書寫狀態(tài),其原因和動(dòng)力在于東北作家群自身的多重文化身份和一直所秉持的民間立場。作為地道的關(guān)東人,東北作家群作家在流亡的過程中,在懷鄉(xiāng)心態(tài)的推動(dòng)下力圖從東北人民的真實(shí)生活中擢取自身書寫的素材和激勵(lì)人民抗戰(zhàn)的精神動(dòng)力,以使得自身創(chuàng)作的文本能夠起到啟蒙民智、喚起反抗的作用,同時(shí)作為受過啟蒙思想洗禮的知識(shí)分子與先覺者,他們對民俗中的消極、落后因素又給予揭露與批判,所以文化身份的多重性使得他們的民俗事象書寫呈現(xiàn)出悖反性。東北作家群作家大多出身東北民間,對民間文化的切身體認(rèn)造成其幾乎不可能對東北民俗中的糟粕性有著完全理性的、批判性的認(rèn)識(shí),無意識(shí)中摻雜著認(rèn)同的態(tài)度,所以他們的民俗事象書寫中又具有一定的保守性。第三、四部分回到文本本身,敘述東北作家群小說中的民俗事象的文本書寫與表現(xiàn)問題,在小說中,東北人民呈現(xiàn)出兩類不同指向的民俗事象,一類是指向彼岸的神靈世界,一類是熱切關(guān)注現(xiàn)世的世界。第三部分重點(diǎn)論述東北作家群小說中東北人民指向神靈世界的民俗事象,原始的和土著的薩滿教是北國人民的信仰,流行的“跳大神”是當(dāng)?shù)厝松钪械囊坏里L(fēng)景線,薩滿教的萬物有靈的觀念衍生出東北人對“山神”“松濤”恐懼與“崇土”習(xí)俗。除了薩滿教信仰外,東北地區(qū)還呈現(xiàn)出功利性的神鬼信仰,“還愿”習(xí)俗是人與神達(dá)成的契約,具有一定的功利性和救急性,大多的節(jié)日習(xí)俗不僅為了了解神鬼的意愿,而且?guī)в幸欢ǖ膴蕵沸�。第四部分著重�(cái)⑹鰱|北人民關(guān)注現(xiàn)世生活的民俗事象,包含求生、殖產(chǎn)民俗事象、婚姻民俗事象與語言民俗事象。在追求生存與物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)中,東北人民“闖關(guān)東”、“挖參”、“狩獵”與“拉綹子”,展現(xiàn)了頑強(qiáng)堅(jiān)韌的生命力與原始的求生技能。由于歷史傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活狀況,東北地區(qū)呈現(xiàn)出原始自由與封建尚禮兩種迥然不同的婚姻形態(tài),“搭伙”與“寡婦改嫁”表現(xiàn)了東北人民追求自由情愛的婚姻觀念,而“遵循父母之命”與“童養(yǎng)媳”則是對封建落后婚姻的尊崇。在語言民俗事象中最突出的就是黑話和歌謠,構(gòu)成東北民間生活中富含本土特色的一部分。第五部分探討了東北作家群民俗事象書寫審美意蘊(yùn)和其所帶來的文化反思。在審美意蘊(yùn)方面,民俗事象的介入使得東北作家群小說文本雄強(qiáng)和神秘的風(fēng)格特征更為突顯,由于東北作家群一貫保持著創(chuàng)作的民間立場和民間化的評判尺度,所以其小說創(chuàng)作中的民俗事象書寫也體現(xiàn)著創(chuàng)作主體的審美的民俗化傾向。物質(zhì)與精神的民俗因素的融入有利于營造東北民間真實(shí)的生活氛圍,其烘托了創(chuàng)作主體的審美取向。東北作家群作家利用民俗事象構(gòu)建真實(shí)、可信的、貼近生活原貌的敘事環(huán)境與背景,使得接受者獲得了身臨其境的感覺,具有極強(qiáng)的在場感。當(dāng)我們以當(dāng)下的眼光對東北作家群民俗事象書寫進(jìn)行回望與反思之時(shí),就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)東北作家群民俗書寫背后所隱含的精神與文化內(nèi)涵仍然對今天東北文學(xué)與社會(huì)的發(fā)展有著強(qiáng)烈的鏡鑒意義,他們提供了一部沒有影像的東北民間文化紀(jì)錄片,為后來東北文化、歷史和文學(xué)等研究者提供了珍貴的參考資源,同時(shí)民俗事象中摻雜的美好的精神品質(zhì)和惰性的民俗因素仍對現(xiàn)今的東北地區(qū)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響,其遺留下的文化迷思仍然值得后人不斷地去探索和總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:The writers of the Northeastern Writers in the beacon flames of exile in the homeland of the motherland, they use the true cry and the true song of the blood and tears which are hardened by the people of the northeast, so that the pioneers of the literary world cast their eyes on the barbarous snowfield that struggled in the fates of slavery, and made the works of the northeast writers in the history of literature. In the course of diachronic development, in the works of the Northeast writer group, the writing of folklore events occupies a certain proportion in the text, which contains rich signification factors and is of great significance to the text narration. It should arouse the attention of the researchers. In addition, the marriage of literature and folklore not only makes the text novels show a strong northeastern cultural atmosphere, but also makes the living state of the local people reflected in the text under the specific historical culture. The northeast area is protected by the integration of the ancient and middle ancient times and the influence of modern colonial culture. The writing of the folk custom of the Northeast writer group has an important value and significance to the study of the historical situation of Northeast China and the writer's main body at that time. This article studies the folk custom as the breakthrough point, trying to make the concept, method and filling of the folklore research perspective in the past. The related research methods of regional culture research and the peeling of academic concepts make this study present a unique style which is different from the previous literary criticism. The article makes an empirical analysis on the historical context of the Northeast Writers' folklore events in the era of writing, and through the northeast writers. The group novels describe and summarize the folklore ideas of the creations of the northeast writers, and summarize the folklore events in the novels of the northeast writers, and then summarize the aesthetic implications and the important historical and cultural meanings in the history of the Northeastern Writers' folklore. In addition to the introduction part, the article is divided into five parts: the first part, starting from the northeastern regional folklore culture and the writing context of the Northeast writer group, discusses the context of the folk custom of the northeast writers. This article holds that the occurrence of the folk custom of the northeast writers is closely related to the social and historical environment in which they are located, and the semi feudalism is semi feudal. In the semi colonial society, the northeast economy, political and religious conditions jointly produced the folk custom of the northeast writers. First, under the economic infiltration and invasion of the Japanese aggressors, the economy of the Northeast was becoming more and more colonial, with the rapid comprador of the feudal forces, and the Japanese invaders with the aid of the Japanese immigration and the gold and yuan policy. Invading and swallowing the body of the northeast economy, the vast peasants of the Northeast struggled under the oppression of the northeast economic structure of the two opposing northeast economic structure with distinctive external colonization. The second, from the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Japanese and Russian invaders had been eating out the northeastern China, the policy of infiltration, the army valve period, the local official constitution in the northeast. After the September 18th Incident, Japan invaded the northeast and poisoned the northeast people in the fields of politics, culture, education and society. Under the combined oppression of the feudal reactionary political forces and the brutal Japanese aggressors represented by the official constitution and the power of the ethnic power, the northeast people were in the northeast. In the tragic situation of being slaughtered, insulted and killed, in the course of the history of thousands of years, the northeast culture was influenced by the dual influence of the northern Tong and the customs of the Kun Han nationality. The religions in the northeast also present the situation of the coexistence of Buddhism, Taoism, local Shamanism and foreign Christian multi religions. However, the northeast is in the northeast. The people's worship of polytheism and the religious belief of "prostitution and worship" disintegrate the spirit of struggle and cohesion of the people of the northeast to a certain extent, and make the people of the Northeast more and more weak and miserable under the Japanese aggressors. The writing of the folk custom of the northeast writers is gradually under the times of the times of the Japanese aggressors trampling and the people's deep water. The second part focuses on the analysis of folk custom concept of folk custom and the motive force of this concept in Northeast Writers Group writers. The folklore ideas presented by the writers of northeast writers in literary creation have obvious paradoxes. On the one hand, the northeast writers have recognized the latent rebellion in the concept of northeastern folklore. The concept of anti etiquette in bandit culture and marriage custom in northeastern people's "hanging column" is a clear example of the rebellious spirit of the people in northeastern folklore, on the other hand, the folklore concept of the writers of the northeast writers group presents a certain conservatism, and the Northeast Writers' group in the writing of the northeastern folklore of the "prostitution" religion tilts. The writers of northeast writers have not been completely criticizing the oppressive factors that have been hidden in the folk life, and the writers of northeast writers have not been thoroughly criticized. Therefore, the Northeastern Writers' group's conceptual understanding of the Northeast folklore is difficult and contrary to the Northeast folklore. The reason and motive force lies in the multiple cultural identity of the Northeast writer group and the folk standpoint which has always been held by the Northeast writer group. As the local Guan Dong people, the writers of the northeast writers group were promoted from the real life of the northeast people in the process of exile in the process of exile by the nostalgic state of mind. The material that is written and the spiritual motive that motivate the people to resist the war, so that the text of his own creation can enlighten the wisdom of the people and arouse the effect of resistance. At the same time, as the intellectual and the first person who has been baptized by the enlightened thought, they expose and criticize the negative and backward factors in the folklore, so the multiplicity of cultural identity makes them The folk custom is contrary to writing. Most writers of northeastern writers are born in the Northeastern folk. It is almost impossible for the folk culture to recognize the dregs of the folk culture, which is completely rational, critical and unconsciously doped with the attitude of identity, so their folklore events are also certain in the writing. The third, fourth part goes back to the text itself and describes the writing and expression of the folklore events in the novels of the Northeast writer group. In the novel, the people of the Northeast present two kinds of different folklore events, one is the divine world pointing to the other side, the other is the world in which the present world is hot. The third part focuses on the northeast. In the novels of the family, the primitive and Aboriginal Shamanism are the belief of the people of the north, and the popular "great God" is a scenic spot in the life of the local people. The spirit of the Shamanism derives the customs of the Northeast People's fear and worship of the "Mountain God" and the "Song Tao". In addition to the religious belief, the northeast region also presents a utilitarian belief in ghosts and the "vow" custom is a contract between man and God. It has a certain utilitarianism and rescues the acute. Most of the festival customs are not only to understand the will of the gods, but also have some entertainment. The fourth part focuses on the folk customs of the northeast people concerned about the life of the world. In the pursuit of survival and material production, the northeast people "go to the East", "dig the ginseng", "hunt" and "pull the grain", show the tenacious vitality and primitive survival skills in the pursuit of survival and material production. There are two different forms of marriage between the primitive freedom and the feudal ritual. "Gang" and "widow remarry" show the concept of marriage for the people of the northeast to pursue freedom and love, while "following the life of the parents" and "the child bride" are the respect for the feudal and backward marriage. The folk life in Northeast China is rich in local characteristics. The fifth part discusses the aesthetic implication and cultural reflection of the folk custom of northeast writers. In the aesthetic implication, the intervention of folklore events makes the characters of the novels of northeast writers strong and mysterious more prominent, because the northeast writers are consistently insured. With the folk standpoint and the judgment scale of the folk, the folk custom in the creation of the novel also embodies the aesthetic folklorization tendency of the creative subject. The integration of the material and spiritual folklore factors is beneficial to the creation of the real life atmosphere in the northeast and the aesthetic orientation of the creative subject. The family uses folklore to build a true, credible and close to the background and environment of the original appearance, making the recipient get the feeling of being in the world and have a strong sense of presence. When we look back and reflect on the writing of the folk custom of the northeast writers with the present eye, we will find the back of the folk custom of the northeast writers. The implied spirit and cultural connotation still have a strong mirror meaning to the development of today's northeast literature and society. They provide a documentary film of Northeastern folk culture without image. It provides valuable reference resources for the later researchers of northeast culture, history and literature. At the same time, the beautiful spiritual quality of folklore events is mixed. And the inert folk factors still have a far-reaching impact on the development of Northeast China. The cultural myth left behind is still worth exploring and summing up by posterity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I207.42

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