【摘要】：美達(dá)村位于蘇門答臘省棉蘭市市郊,是一個(gè)由1965年亞齊省爆發(fā)的9·30排華事件中被驅(qū)趕的政治難民組成的移民村落。此次事件導(dǎo)致近一萬(wàn)名依靠小商業(yè)為主要生計(jì)方式的華僑家庭瞬間傾家蕩產(chǎn),背井離鄉(xiāng),異地謀生。1965年以后的集中管控時(shí)期,面對(duì)生存危機(jī),難僑們開始自發(fā)的組織起來(lái)進(jìn)行自救,開始了長(zhǎng)達(dá)四年的集體生活。1970年以后,美達(dá)華人有了屬于自己的家園,生計(jì)方式也從集中走向了分散。美達(dá)華人通過(guò)建構(gòu)新的社會(huì)關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò),實(shí)現(xiàn)了生計(jì)方式從集體生產(chǎn)到自由創(chuàng)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)變、從家庭手工業(yè)產(chǎn)生到現(xiàn)代化企業(yè)的發(fā)展,并開始出現(xiàn)了新興行業(yè)。短短的幾十年間,使美達(dá)村從最初的沼澤地變成了小市鎮(zhèn),美達(dá)華人的社會(huì)角色也實(shí)現(xiàn)了從最初的難民向雇傭者、創(chuàng)業(yè)者的轉(zhuǎn)變。隨著生計(jì)的不斷變遷,隨之而來(lái)的是族群間的互動(dòng)也日益增多。美達(dá)村華人從經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中積累外部關(guān)系,克服了外地人身份的尷尬,逐漸融入當(dāng)?shù)厝A人社會(huì)。與此同時(shí),隨著關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)的不斷擴(kuò)大,與原住民互動(dòng)加強(qiáng),最終達(dá)到民族間和諧的交融。鑒于美達(dá)華人特殊的背景,試圖用民族學(xué)、人類學(xué)的方式研究美達(dá)村華人的生計(jì)變遷,在田野調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,詳細(xì)還原美達(dá)村華人的奮斗史。這就彌補(bǔ)了在華僑華人生計(jì)研究上只重宏觀概述不重細(xì)節(jié)描寫的不足。同時(shí)關(guān)注美達(dá)華人生計(jì)變遷對(duì)研究華人經(jīng)濟(jì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的形成過(guò)程,分析華人經(jīng)濟(jì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有的性質(zhì)和華人如何更好的融入主流社會(huì)等有一定的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Meida, located on the outskirts of Mindan, Sumatra province, is an immigrant village made up of political refugees expelled from the 9 / 30 row of China in Aceh province in 1965. This incident led to nearly 10,000 overseas Chinese families who rely on small businesses as the main means of livelihood to instantly lose their property, leave their homes and make a living elsewhere. After 1965, during the period of centralized control and control, they faced the survival crisis. Overseas Chinese began to spontaneously organize themselves to help themselves, and began a four-year collective life. After 1970, the Meida Chinese had their own homes, and their means of livelihood moved from concentration to fragmentation. Through the construction of a new network of social relations, Meida Chinese realized the transformation from collective production to free entrepreneurship, from home-made handicraft industry to modern enterprises, and began to appear new industries. In just a few decades, Meida has been transformed from a swamp to a small town, and the social role of Meida Chinese has changed from the original refugees to employers and entrepreneurs. With the constant change of livelihood, the interaction between ethnic groups is increasing day by day. Meida village Chinese accumulate external relations from economic activities, overcome the embarrassment of the identity of outsiders, and gradually integrate into the local Chinese society. At the same time, with the expansion of the network, the interaction with the aborigines is strengthened, and finally the harmony between nationalities is achieved. In view of the special background of the Chinese in Meida, this paper attempts to study the changes of the livelihood of the ethnic Chinese in Meida village by means of ethnology and anthropology, and on the basis of the field investigation, restores the struggle history of the Chinese in Meida village in detail. This makes up for the lack of emphasis on the macro-overview rather than the detailed description in the study of the livelihood of overseas Chinese. At the same time, it has certain reference value to study the formation process of Chinese economic network, analyze the nature of Chinese economic network and how the Chinese better integrate into the mainstream society by paying attention to the vicissitudes of Chinese people's livelihood in Meida.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D634

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