【摘要】：隨著總體水平的逐漸提高,中國(guó)社會(huì)支出的配置機(jī)制和配置結(jié)構(gòu)也逐漸發(fā)生了改變。從配置機(jī)制上看,中國(guó)社會(huì)支出出現(xiàn)了兩階段結(jié)構(gòu)性轉(zhuǎn)變:第一階段,在二十世紀(jì)九十年代,社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展起來(lái),但社會(huì)救助體系停滯不前,使社會(huì)安全網(wǎng)出現(xiàn)了漏洞;第二階段,進(jìn)入二十一世紀(jì)之后,社會(huì)救助體系重新受到重視。從配置結(jié)果來(lái)看,社會(huì)保護(hù)支出增長(zhǎng)迅猛是中國(guó)社會(huì)支出結(jié)構(gòu)性轉(zhuǎn)變的最顯著之處;社會(huì)保護(hù)的發(fā)展并非與市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的成熟相對(duì)立,而是一種同釋放市場(chǎng)力量相輔相成的國(guó)家行動(dòng)。中國(guó)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)同樣表明,以忽視社會(huì)保護(hù)為主要特征的東亞生產(chǎn)主義福利模式,在全球化和市場(chǎng)化的進(jìn)程中不可避免地發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)型。中國(guó)同亞洲發(fā)展中國(guó)家的共同之處,在于醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域中公共支出的比重偏低,這對(duì)于正在快速走向老齡化的中國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō),尤其是一個(gè)不容忽視的結(jié)構(gòu)性缺陷。
[Abstract]:With the gradual improvement of the overall level, the allocation mechanism and structure of social expenditure in China have gradually changed. As far as the allocation mechanism is concerned, there are two stages of structural transformation in China's social expenditure: in the first stage, social insurance developed in the 1990s, but the social assistance system stagnated, resulting in loopholes in the social safety net; In the second stage, after entering the 21 century, the social assistance system was revalued. According to the results of allocation, the rapid growth of social protection expenditure is the most significant part of the structural transformation of social expenditure in China. The development of social protection is not in opposition to the maturity of market mechanisms, but rather a state action complementary to the release of market forces. China's experience also shows that the welfare model of East Asia, which is characterized by ignoring social protection, is inevitably transformed in the process of globalization and marketization. What China shares with developing countries in Asia is the low share of public spending in health care, a structural flaw that cannot be ignored for a rapidly ageing China.
【作者單位】： 北京大學(xué)政府管理學(xué)院;北京大學(xué)國(guó)家治理協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心;清華大學(xué)政治學(xué)系;
【基金】：國(guó)家社科基金重大項(xiàng)目“中國(guó)特色現(xiàn)代社會(huì)福利制度框架設(shè)計(jì)研究”(項(xiàng)目號(hào)15ZDA050)的階段性成果
【分類號(hào)】：D632

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