我國非政府組織參與公共政策制定研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-11 18:21
【摘要】：隨著公民社會與非政府組織的發(fā)展,非政府組織越來越要求參與公共政策制定過程,它們運用各種方式和途徑影響公共政策制定。政府不再是公共政策制定的唯一主體,公民個人傾向于選擇以組織的形式表達自身的利益訴求,非政府組織表達公眾利益參與政府政策制定已成為社會發(fā)展的必然。公共政策參與主體向多元化發(fā)展,有利于彌補政府作為唯一決策主體的局限,有利于增進公共政策的科學性、民主性。目前我國非政府組織能有效參與到公共政策過程中的數(shù)量偏少,政策參與的程度普遍偏低,非政府組織在公共政策過程中的作用還未被得到充分重視。我國關于非政府組織參與公共政策制定的法律環(huán)境不完善,非政府組織參與公共政策制定能夠利用的方式比較單一,同時我國政府受傳統(tǒng)觀念的限制,不能主動地將有關公共政策制定過程的信息全部公開等方面都給非政府組織參與公共政策制定帶來困擾。當然,非政府組織自身的資金資源有限、人力資源有限、獨立性欠缺、主動參與意識不強、參與政策能力不足等也制約其政策參與。這幾個方面是我國非政府組織參與公共政策制定存在的問題。文章主體分為四個部分。第一部分概念界定和理論基礎的闡釋了。首先闡述了非政府組織及非政府組織參與公共政策制定的相關概念。然后,介紹了非政府組織參與公共政策制定的理論基礎,重點闡述了政府、市場失靈理論；公民社會理論和民主協(xié)商理論,為非政府組織參與公共政策制定提供理論支撐。第二部分我國非政府組織在公共政策制定中的作用。首先說明非政府組織參與公共政策制定的方式和途徑。然后以“自然之友”參與公共政策制定的典型案例介紹了非政府組織在公共政策制定中的作用。最后闡述了非政府組織參與公共政策制定的意義與可行性。第三部分從政府、非政府組織和社會環(huán)境三個方面指出我國非政府組織參與公共政策制定存在的問題。第四部分提出了完善我國非政府組織參與公共政策制定的幾點基本對策。即完善非政府組織參與公共政策制定的外部環(huán)境；加強政府對非政府組織參與公共政策制定的支持；完善非政府組織參與公共政策制定的自身因素等。
[Abstract]:With the development of civil society and non-governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are increasingly required to participate in the process of public policy making, and they use various ways and means to influence the formulation of public policies. The government is no longer the only subject of public policy making, the individual citizens tend to express their interests in the form of organization, and non-governmental organizations to express the public interests to participate in the formulation of government policies has become the inevitable trend of social development. The pluralistic development of the public policy participation subject is helpful to make up for the limitation of the government as the sole decision-making subject and to promote the scientific and democratic nature of the public policy. At present, the number of NGOs can effectively participate in the process of public policy is on the low side, the degree of policy participation is generally low, and the role of NGOs in the process of public policy has not been fully paid attention to. The legal environment for the participation of non-governmental organizations in the formulation of public policies in China is not perfect, and the way in which non-governmental organizations can participate in the formulation of public policies is relatively simple, while the government of our country is restricted by traditional concepts. It is difficult for NGOs to participate in the process of public policy making. Of course, non-governmental organizations own limited financial resources, limited human resources, lack of independence, not strong awareness of active participation, insufficient ability to participate in the policy and so on restrict their policy participation. These aspects are the problems existing in the participation of NGOs in public policy making. The main body of the article is divided into four parts. The first part defines the concept and explains the theoretical basis. Firstly, this paper expounds the related concepts of NGOs and their participation in public policy making. Then, it introduces the theoretical basis of NGOs' participation in public policy formulation, focusing on the theory of government and market failure, civil society theory and democratic consultation theory, which provides theoretical support for NGOs to participate in public policy formulation. The second part is the role of NGOs in public policy making. First of all, it describes the ways and means for NGOs to participate in public policy making. Then it introduces the role of NGOs in public policy making with the typical case of "Friends of Nature" participation in public policy making. Finally, the significance and feasibility of NGO participation in public policy formulation are expounded. The third part points out the problems existing in the participation of NGOs in public policy making from three aspects: government, NGO and social environment. The fourth part puts forward some basic countermeasures to improve the participation of NGOs in public policy making. That is, to perfect the external environment in which non-governmental organizations participate in public policy formulation; to strengthen the government's support for non-governmental organizations to participate in public policy formulation; and to perfect the factors of non-governmental organizations participating in public policy formulation and so on.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D632.9;D63
本文編號：2325734
[Abstract]:With the development of civil society and non-governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are increasingly required to participate in the process of public policy making, and they use various ways and means to influence the formulation of public policies. The government is no longer the only subject of public policy making, the individual citizens tend to express their interests in the form of organization, and non-governmental organizations to express the public interests to participate in the formulation of government policies has become the inevitable trend of social development. The pluralistic development of the public policy participation subject is helpful to make up for the limitation of the government as the sole decision-making subject and to promote the scientific and democratic nature of the public policy. At present, the number of NGOs can effectively participate in the process of public policy is on the low side, the degree of policy participation is generally low, and the role of NGOs in the process of public policy has not been fully paid attention to. The legal environment for the participation of non-governmental organizations in the formulation of public policies in China is not perfect, and the way in which non-governmental organizations can participate in the formulation of public policies is relatively simple, while the government of our country is restricted by traditional concepts. It is difficult for NGOs to participate in the process of public policy making. Of course, non-governmental organizations own limited financial resources, limited human resources, lack of independence, not strong awareness of active participation, insufficient ability to participate in the policy and so on restrict their policy participation. These aspects are the problems existing in the participation of NGOs in public policy making. The main body of the article is divided into four parts. The first part defines the concept and explains the theoretical basis. Firstly, this paper expounds the related concepts of NGOs and their participation in public policy making. Then, it introduces the theoretical basis of NGOs' participation in public policy formulation, focusing on the theory of government and market failure, civil society theory and democratic consultation theory, which provides theoretical support for NGOs to participate in public policy formulation. The second part is the role of NGOs in public policy making. First of all, it describes the ways and means for NGOs to participate in public policy making. Then it introduces the role of NGOs in public policy making with the typical case of "Friends of Nature" participation in public policy making. Finally, the significance and feasibility of NGO participation in public policy formulation are expounded. The third part points out the problems existing in the participation of NGOs in public policy making from three aspects: government, NGO and social environment. The fourth part puts forward some basic countermeasures to improve the participation of NGOs in public policy making. That is, to perfect the external environment in which non-governmental organizations participate in public policy formulation; to strengthen the government's support for non-governmental organizations to participate in public policy formulation; and to perfect the factors of non-governmental organizations participating in public policy formulation and so on.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D632.9;D63
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