【摘要】：網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息計(jì)量學(xué)作為信息計(jì)量學(xué)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的拓展,迅速發(fā)展成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)科學(xué)一個(gè)重要的分支。鏈接作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)中重要的元素,對其的分析是網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息計(jì)量學(xué)備受關(guān)注的研究方向。早期的鏈接分析主要集中在網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境,很多學(xué)者們將引文分析中的理論和方法運(yùn)用到學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境的鏈接分析中。但在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)逐漸多元化和復(fù)雜化的發(fā)展進(jìn)程中,研究者們一方面逐步發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境中鏈接有著不同于引文的特點(diǎn),形成了鏈接分析的理論和方法；另一方面研究者們也開始關(guān)注互聯(lián)網(wǎng)其他領(lǐng)域的鏈接特征和鏈接動(dòng)機(jī),以期對網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源進(jìn)行合理的計(jì)量與評價(jià)。弄清楚網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中的鏈接動(dòng)機(jī)有利于深入了解網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息資源的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)及資源分布狀況,有助于網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的計(jì)量、挖掘與評價(jià),促進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息計(jì)量學(xué)的發(fā)展。本研究在梳理國內(nèi)外鏈接動(dòng)機(jī)研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,選取鮮有研究的政府機(jī)構(gòu)網(wǎng)站作為研究對象,通過開放式訪談方法獲取政府網(wǎng)站鏈接行為者的鏈接動(dòng)機(jī)。將民族志決策樹模型的思想和扎根理論結(jié)合,設(shè)計(jì)開放式訪談問卷,構(gòu)建鏈接行為者的民族志決策樹模型。在數(shù)據(jù)分析階段,本研究運(yùn)用扎根分析和內(nèi)容分析方法提煉出38個(gè)鏈接動(dòng)機(jī)要素條目,并分為8大類：支持性鏈接、功能性鏈接、宣傳性鏈接、內(nèi)容性鏈接、經(jīng)驗(yàn)性鏈接、推廣性鏈接、混合性鏈接和其他鏈接。在有效性檢驗(yàn)階段,通過定量的結(jié)構(gòu)化問卷法對民族志決策樹模型進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),運(yùn)用“正式成員檢驗(yàn)”和“整合多元測定”的方法分別對研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行內(nèi)部有效性和外部有效性檢驗(yàn)。通過對數(shù)據(jù)的分析,本研究獲得以下研究結(jié)論：①依據(jù)網(wǎng)站鏈接行為者不同的決策準(zhǔn)則,本研究將網(wǎng)站鏈接行為者分為網(wǎng)站開發(fā)運(yùn)維人員和網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容生產(chǎn)人員,對其分別建立個(gè)體決策樹,最后通過比對整合所有的個(gè)體決策樹構(gòu)建群體決策樹,獲取的條目包括19條準(zhǔn)則和2個(gè)方案。通過結(jié)構(gòu)化問卷對模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,得到模型對同質(zhì)群體的預(yù)測度為91.67%。②政府機(jī)構(gòu)網(wǎng)站的鏈接動(dòng)機(jī)可歸納為八大類：支持性鏈接、功能性鏈接、宣傳性鏈接、內(nèi)容性鏈接、經(jīng)驗(yàn)性鏈接、推廣性鏈接、混合性鏈接和其他鏈接。其中一半以上(51.08%)的鏈接都是支持性鏈接和功能性鏈接,內(nèi)容性鏈接和宣傳/推廣性鏈接也占了一定的比例(30.94%)。③政府機(jī)構(gòu)網(wǎng)站的鏈接主要功能在于：從宏觀上來說,構(gòu)建網(wǎng)站的空間架構(gòu)、信息導(dǎo)航索引、網(wǎng)站信息內(nèi)容及功能的梳理與安排、頁面信息的排版等；從微觀上來說,鏈接就是每條內(nèi)容信息的標(biāo)題索引,類似于書目,對網(wǎng)站信息進(jìn)行簡化整理,方便網(wǎng)站使用者快捷地找到需要的信息。④從鏈接的視角可以看出,政府機(jī)構(gòu)網(wǎng)站的主要功能是：宣傳的窗口、交互的渠道、信息服務(wù)平臺(tái)、為辦公辦事提供便利。在理論方面,本研究將農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)決策問題和醫(yī)療人類學(xué)中運(yùn)用較多的民族志決策樹模型方法應(yīng)用到政府機(jī)構(gòu)網(wǎng)站鏈接動(dòng)機(jī)的研究中,并結(jié)合扎根理論加以補(bǔ)充完善。同時(shí)也對鏈接動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)行了要素條目的提取,總結(jié)出8大類鏈接動(dòng)機(jī),運(yùn)用扎根方法自下而上地構(gòu)建了鏈接動(dòng)機(jī)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)。在實(shí)踐方面,依據(jù)訪談的結(jié)果,對政府機(jī)構(gòu)網(wǎng)站鏈接的設(shè)置提供了實(shí)踐建議,對其在網(wǎng)站信息架構(gòu)、信息導(dǎo)航和交互設(shè)計(jì)方面提供一些參考和依據(jù)。當(dāng)然,由于科研條件和科研能力的有限性,本研究仍存在一些不足和有待進(jìn)一步完善的地方,如有效性檢驗(yàn)樣本的規(guī)模等。本文為國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“融合范式視角下的鏈接分析理論集成框架及其實(shí)證研究(71273125)”的研究成果之一。
[Abstract]:As an extension of information metrology on the Internet, network information metrology has rapidly developed into an important branch of network science. As an important element of the network, the analysis of links is a research direction of network information metrology which has attracted much attention. The theories and methods of text analysis are applied to link analysis in academic environment. But in the process of the development of the Internet, researchers have gradually found that links in academic environment are different from citations, thus forming the theory and methods of link analysis. On the other hand, researchers have begun to do the same. Paying close attention to the linking characteristics and motivation in other areas of the Internet in order to measure and evaluate the network resources reasonably. To understand the linking motivation in the network environment is helpful to understand the topological structure and resource distribution of the network information resources, to measure, mine and evaluate the network resources, and to promote the network information metrology. On the basis of reviewing the research results of linking motivation at home and abroad, this study selects the government agency websites as the research object, and obtains the linking motivation of the government website linking actors through open interview method. In the data analysis stage, this study used grounded analysis and content analysis to extract 38 link motivation elements and divided them into eight categories: supporting links, functional links, propaganda links, content links, empirical links, extension links, mixed links and other links. Then, in the validity test stage, the Ethnographic Decision Tree Model was tested by quantitative structured questionnaire method, and the internal and external validity of the results were tested by the methods of "formal member test" and "integrated multivariate test". According to different decision criteria of website link actors, this study divides website link actors into website development and maintenance personnel and website content producers, and establishes individual decision tree for them respectively. Finally, group decision tree is constructed by comparing and integrating all individual decision trees. The obtained items include 19 criteria and 2 schemes. The constructed questionnaire was used to verify the model, and the predictive value of the model was 91.67%. 2. The motivation of links in government websites can be divided into eight categories: supportive links, functional links, propaganda links, content links, empirical links, promotion links, mixed links and other links. More than half of them (51.08%) are supportive links, functional links, propaganda links, content links, empirical links, promotion links Links are supporting links and functional links, content links and publicity / promotion links also accounted for a certain proportion (30.94%). From the micro point of view, links are the title index of each content information, similar to bibliographies, which simplify and organize the website information so that users can find the information they need quickly. In theory, this study applies the decision tree model of ethnography to the study of the motivation of links on government websites, and combines the grounded theory to improve it. In practice, based on the results of interviews, this paper provides practical suggestions for the setting up of links on government agencies'websites, and provides some reference and basis for the information structure, information navigation and interaction design of websites. This paper is one of the achievements of the National Natural Science Foundation's project "Integrated Framework of Link Analysis Theory and Its Empirical Study (71273125)" from the perspective of Fusion Paradigm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D63

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