先秦儒家治國思想對當代國家治理的啟示
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-16 17:18
【摘要】：黨的十八屆三中全會提出了“完善和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義制度,推進國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化”的要求,突顯了治理在社會主義制度完善中的顯著作用。伴隨著我國經濟水平的飛速發(fā)展,物質文明建設與精神文明建設的不平衡性日益凸顯,尤其是社會道德建設的滯后,使得利己主義、腐化墮落等不健康的價值導向風行社會。而在治理的過程中突出思想文化的治理功能,不僅利于推動社會價值達成共識,還利于整合社會利益、化解社會矛盾、和順社會關系,實現(xiàn)社會發(fā)展的秩序與和諧。先秦儒家治國思想具有普適性價值,其影響不僅及于歷史,亦會及于當下乃至將來。因為思想文化的傳承具有持續(xù)的歷史性特征。先秦儒家治國思想不僅作為一種形而上的理論形態(tài)而存在,亦作為一種形而下的制度設計而存在,深深扎根于我國傳統(tǒng)政治的實踐中。在當時的社會背景下,先秦儒家一方面繼承古代的德治政治實踐經驗,一方面又積極借鑒已有的文獻典籍所蘊含的豐富思想,在將自身的社會理想追求與社會發(fā)展的實際相結合的基礎上,以推動形成儒家治國思想。先秦儒家視自然規(guī)律與社會規(guī)律為整體,以尋求其內在的聯(lián)系,獲得有關天人關系、社會關系的深刻認識來作為國家治理的依據(jù)。在整合、完善的基礎上,其治國思想內涵不斷豐富,并向著體系化方向發(fā)展:以行“仁政”、“德治”為統(tǒng)領,主要包含“修己安人”、“仁者愛人”、“禮法并施”等治理思想,以求達到“天下歸仁”的治理理想。它對我國后世兩千多年的社會發(fā)展產生了諸多方面的影響。歷史已經表明,先秦儒家治國思想有著強大的生命力,它不僅扎根于我們的性格與精神之中,還深刻影響著我們的思維與行為方式,從而潛在的引導社會的發(fā)展方向。它既有推動社會諸領域發(fā)展的優(yōu)秀因子,又有阻礙其發(fā)展的反作用力。我們以今人的眼光看待先秦儒家治理思想,應當秉持馬克思主義辯證的方法論,既要看到其優(yōu)長之處,又要看到其缺點�？茖W、客觀的分析和揭示先秦儒家治國理思想中具有普適性和規(guī)律性的合理內涵,又深度挖掘其細節(jié)和價值,加以繼承、革新,使之與現(xiàn)代國家治理相結合起來,厚植當代國家治理的文明底蘊。
[Abstract]:The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward the requirement of "perfecting and developing the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governing ability", which highlighted the prominent role of governance in the perfection of the socialist system. With the rapid development of our country's economic level, the imbalance between the construction of material civilization and the construction of spiritual civilization is becoming increasingly prominent, especially the lag of the construction of social morality, which makes unhealthy values such as egoism, corruption and depravity become popular in society. In the process of governance, it is not only conducive to promoting social value to reach a consensus, but also conducive to integrating social interests, resolving social contradictions, reconciling social relations, and realizing the order and harmony of social development. Pre-Qin Confucian thought of governing the country has universal value, its influence not only in history, but also in the present and even in the future. Because the inheritance of ideology and culture has a lasting historical characteristics. Pre-Qin Confucian thought of governing the country exists not only as a metaphysical theoretical form, but also as a system design, deeply rooted in the practice of Chinese traditional politics. In the social background of that time, on the one hand, the pre-Qin Confucianists inherited the political practice experience of the ancient rule of virtue, on the other hand, they actively used for reference the rich ideas contained in the existing literature and classics. On the basis of combining the pursuit of social ideal with the reality of social development, it promotes the formation of Confucian thought of governing the country. The pre-Qin Confucianism regarded natural law and social law as a whole, seeking its internal relation, obtaining a profound understanding of the relationship between heaven and man, and social relations as the basis of national governance. On the basis of integration and perfection, its thought of governing the country is constantly rich in connotation and developing towards the direction of systematization: "benevolent government", "rule by virtue" as the leading, mainly including "self-cultivation and peace", "benevolent lover", In order to achieve the governance ideal of "return to benevolence under the world", such management thoughts as "courtesy and law and practice" are achieved. It has influenced the social development of our country for more than two thousand years. History has shown that the pre-Qin Confucian thought of governing the country has a strong vitality, it is not only rooted in our character and spirit, but also profoundly affect our thinking and behavior, thus potentially guiding the direction of social development. It not only promotes the development of various fields of society excellent factors, but also hinders its development of reaction. We should uphold the Marxist dialectical methodology to treat the pre-Qin Confucian governance thought from the perspective of modern people. We should not only see its advantages and disadvantages, but also its shortcomings. The scientific, objective analysis and revelation of the rational connotation of universality and regularity in the Confucian thought of governing the country in the pre-Qin period, and the deep excavation of its details and values, the inheritance and innovation, and the combination of them with the modern governance of the country, Thick planting of the civilization of contemporary national governance.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D092;D630
本文編號：2186656
[Abstract]:The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward the requirement of "perfecting and developing the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governing ability", which highlighted the prominent role of governance in the perfection of the socialist system. With the rapid development of our country's economic level, the imbalance between the construction of material civilization and the construction of spiritual civilization is becoming increasingly prominent, especially the lag of the construction of social morality, which makes unhealthy values such as egoism, corruption and depravity become popular in society. In the process of governance, it is not only conducive to promoting social value to reach a consensus, but also conducive to integrating social interests, resolving social contradictions, reconciling social relations, and realizing the order and harmony of social development. Pre-Qin Confucian thought of governing the country has universal value, its influence not only in history, but also in the present and even in the future. Because the inheritance of ideology and culture has a lasting historical characteristics. Pre-Qin Confucian thought of governing the country exists not only as a metaphysical theoretical form, but also as a system design, deeply rooted in the practice of Chinese traditional politics. In the social background of that time, on the one hand, the pre-Qin Confucianists inherited the political practice experience of the ancient rule of virtue, on the other hand, they actively used for reference the rich ideas contained in the existing literature and classics. On the basis of combining the pursuit of social ideal with the reality of social development, it promotes the formation of Confucian thought of governing the country. The pre-Qin Confucianism regarded natural law and social law as a whole, seeking its internal relation, obtaining a profound understanding of the relationship between heaven and man, and social relations as the basis of national governance. On the basis of integration and perfection, its thought of governing the country is constantly rich in connotation and developing towards the direction of systematization: "benevolent government", "rule by virtue" as the leading, mainly including "self-cultivation and peace", "benevolent lover", In order to achieve the governance ideal of "return to benevolence under the world", such management thoughts as "courtesy and law and practice" are achieved. It has influenced the social development of our country for more than two thousand years. History has shown that the pre-Qin Confucian thought of governing the country has a strong vitality, it is not only rooted in our character and spirit, but also profoundly affect our thinking and behavior, thus potentially guiding the direction of social development. It not only promotes the development of various fields of society excellent factors, but also hinders its development of reaction. We should uphold the Marxist dialectical methodology to treat the pre-Qin Confucian governance thought from the perspective of modern people. We should not only see its advantages and disadvantages, but also its shortcomings. The scientific, objective analysis and revelation of the rational connotation of universality and regularity in the Confucian thought of governing the country in the pre-Qin period, and the deep excavation of its details and values, the inheritance and innovation, and the combination of them with the modern governance of the country, Thick planting of the civilization of contemporary national governance.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D092;D630
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