【摘要】：近年來,隨著國民經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展,我國對石油能源的依賴逐步上升,我國海上石油開發(fā)、儲存和運輸量的日益增長,重大海上溢油風(fēng)險不斷增加,重大海上溢油應(yīng)急工作面臨的形勢也越來越嚴峻。近幾年連續(xù)發(fā)生在我國管轄水域的上�！癈MA CGM FLORIDA”碰撞導(dǎo)致溢油事故、大連“7 · 16”事故、蓬萊19-3油田事故等重大海上溢油事故,使得重大海上溢油應(yīng)急工作受到了全社會的高度關(guān)注。重大海上溢油應(yīng)急工作作為公共安全和應(yīng)急管理重要組成部分,是一項涉及體制、機制、政策、技術(shù)和管理等方面的復(fù)雜性、系統(tǒng)性工程,需要從公共安全理論層面切入,分析和研究如何推進其發(fā)展。本論文從公共服務(wù)、應(yīng)急管理和建設(shè)服務(wù)型政府的角度出發(fā),通過調(diào)查研究、數(shù)據(jù)收集、資料查找的方式,對我國重大海上溢油應(yīng)急服務(wù)建設(shè)進行了深入的研究和分析。本文明確了公共服務(wù)、服務(wù)型政府、重大海上溢油以及重大海上溢油應(yīng)急處置能力的概念和內(nèi)涵;對海上溢油應(yīng)急“一案三制”建設(shè)和海上溢油應(yīng)急力量建設(shè)等重大海上溢油應(yīng)急能力建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀進行梳理,查找出了公共服務(wù)理念不強、溢油事件標準不統(tǒng)一、服務(wù)能力薄弱,整體建設(shè)統(tǒng)籌不足、應(yīng)急協(xié)調(diào)機制不暢等我國重大海上溢油應(yīng)急服務(wù)存在和面臨的主要問題;對國外發(fā)達國家重大海上溢油應(yīng)急的經(jīng)驗進行了研究,從發(fā)達國家在海上溢油應(yīng)急法律法規(guī)、協(xié)調(diào)機制、保障機制等方面進行分析對比,總結(jié)出了國外海上溢油應(yīng)急服務(wù)的啟示和借鑒;研究提出了加強我國重大海上溢油應(yīng)急服務(wù)能力,需要各級政府從強化政府重大海上溢油應(yīng)急服務(wù)主體責(zé)任、加強重大海上溢油應(yīng)急隊伍建設(shè)、加強重大海上溢油應(yīng)急資源建設(shè)、加強重大海上溢油應(yīng)急體制機制建設(shè)四個方面入手完善我國重大海上溢油應(yīng)急服務(wù)建設(shè)的對策,進而達到提高地方政府的公共服務(wù)能力,充分體現(xiàn)服務(wù)型政府的作用,提高我國重大海上溢油應(yīng)急服務(wù)能力,最大程度的降低重大海上溢油事故造成的財產(chǎn)和環(huán)境損失的目的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of national economy, China's dependence on petroleum energy has gradually increased. With the development, storage and transportation of offshore oil, the risk of major offshore oil spills is increasing. Major marine oil spill emergency work is also facing a more and more serious situation. In recent years, the Shanghai "CMA CGM FLORIDA" collision in the waters under the jurisdiction of China led to oil spill accidents, Dalian "716" accident, Penglai 19-3 oil field accident and other major offshore oil spill accidents. The major marine oil spill emergency work has been highly concerned by the whole society. As an important part of public safety and emergency management, major offshore oil spill emergency response is a complex and systematic project involving system, mechanism, policy, technology and management, which needs to be cut into from the theoretical level of public safety. Analysis and research on how to promote its development. From the point of view of public service, emergency management and construction of service-oriented government, this paper makes an in-depth study and analysis on the construction of major offshore oil spill emergency service in China through the methods of investigation, data collection and data searching. In this paper, the concept and connotation of public service, service-oriented government, major offshore oil spill and emergency disposal capacity of major offshore oil spill are defined. Combing the status quo of the construction of major offshore oil spill emergency capacity construction such as the "one case three system" construction of offshore oil spill emergency and the construction of maritime oil spill emergency force, it is found that the concept of public service is not strong, the standard of oil spill incident is not unified, and the service capacity is weak. The main problems existing and facing in China's major offshore oil spill emergency services, such as inadequate overall construction and poor emergency coordination mechanism, have been studied on the experience of major offshore oil spills in developed countries. From the developed countries in the maritime oil spill emergency laws and regulations, coordination mechanism, safeguard mechanism and other aspects of analysis and comparison, summed up the foreign maritime oil spill emergency service enlightenment and reference; In order to strengthen the emergency service capacity of major offshore oil spills in China, governments at all levels need to strengthen the main responsibility of the major offshore oil spill emergency services of the government and strengthen the construction of major offshore oil spill emergency response teams. To strengthen the construction of major offshore oil spill emergency resources, to strengthen the construction of major offshore oil spill emergency system and mechanism, and to improve the countermeasures for the construction of major offshore oil spill emergency services in China, so as to improve the public service capacity of local governments. The purpose of this paper is to fully reflect the role of service-oriented government, to improve the capability of emergency service for major offshore oil spills in China, and to minimize the property and environmental losses caused by major offshore oil spills.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D63

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