本文選題：政府購買 + 居家養(yǎng)老服務�。� 參考：《華北電力大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著老年人口占總人口的比例持續(xù)上升,中國人口老齡化逐漸加劇,養(yǎng)老問題日益突出。傳統(tǒng)的家庭養(yǎng)老模式因家庭結構日趨核心化而難以為繼,迫切需要建立起以居家養(yǎng)老為基礎、社區(qū)為依托、機構為補充的社會化養(yǎng)老服務體系。政府購買居家養(yǎng)老服務是引導有效需求、提高養(yǎng)老服務資源合理高效配置、提高養(yǎng)老服務水平和質量的重要途徑。各地區(qū)紛紛試點探索政府購買居家養(yǎng)老服務,并取得了一定的成果。政府購買居家養(yǎng)老服務在某種程度上具有公共服務的性質,其服務質量最能體現(xiàn)服務效果和公共價值,因此服務質量是政府購買居家養(yǎng)老服務的基礎和關鍵。然而,當前各地在實踐過程中對服務質量評估工作卻關注不足,僅有少數(shù)地區(qū)開展評估工作,而且評估指標科學性、合理性也有待提升。此外,理論界研究成果也較少關注政府購買居家養(yǎng)老服務評估指標體系的構建,大多停留在評估程序、服務滿意度等層面,研究缺乏針對性。因此,構建一套適合當前國情的政府購買居家養(yǎng)老服務質量評估指標體系,具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。本文按照“問題提出→理論基礎、境內外經(jīng)驗分析→指標體系構建→實證檢驗→改進建議”這樣典型的經(jīng)驗研究路徑開展。第一,運用文獻研究方法梳理政府購買居家養(yǎng)老服務質量評估指標體系建設的理論基礎以及境內外典型地區(qū)的實踐經(jīng)驗與啟示。第二,在文獻梳理基礎上,綜合政府購買居家養(yǎng)老服務的整個過程,按照系統(tǒng)性、可操作性、定量指標和定性指標相結合以及可比性的原則,采用德爾菲法、層次分析法構建適合當前國情的居家養(yǎng)老服務質量評估指標體系框架。評估指標選取堅持主客觀內容相結合,包括專業(yè)化、標準化、可及性、有效性等4個一級指標,人員隊伍、設備設施、流程、禮儀、響應性、成本價格、主觀、客觀等8個二級指標以及18個三級指標。第三,采用調查統(tǒng)計和實地研究等研究方法,以B市為例,使用所構建的評估指標體系對B市政府購買居家養(yǎng)老服務進行質量評估,再通過與B市居家養(yǎng)老服務實施情況、服務對象的主觀評價以及專家評估意見的結果進行對比,對指標體系進行進一步驗證。第四,驗證結果發(fā)現(xiàn),根據(jù)客觀指標體系得出的評估結果與B市居家養(yǎng)老實施情況、服務對象的主觀評價和專家評估意見較為一致,證明所構建的評估指標體系具有科學性、合理性。第五,指出當前評估指標體系在運用過程中也面臨一些問題和挑戰(zhàn),如評估信息采集困難,評估細節(jié)規(guī)范性不足,服務對象自身素質對評估效果的影響等,并據(jù)此提出了一系列針對性的政策建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing proportion of the aged population in the total population, the aging of the population in China is becoming more and more serious, and the problem of providing for the aged is becoming increasingly prominent. Because the family structure is becoming more and more core, the traditional family pension model is difficult to continue. It is urgent to establish a socialized old-age service system based on the family pension, supported by the community and supplemented by the institution. It is an important way to guide the effective demand, improve the rational and efficient allocation of the endowment service resources and improve the level and quality of the old-age service. Regions have tried to explore the purchase of home care services, and achieved certain results. To some extent, the service quality of the government can reflect the service effect and public value most, so the service quality is the foundation and the key for the government to purchase the home pension service. However, in the process of practice, the assessment of service quality has not been paid enough attention to, only a few regions have carried out the evaluation work, and the evaluation index is scientific and reasonable, which needs to be improved. In addition, the theoretical research results also pay less attention to the construction of the evaluation index system of the government purchase home pension services, mostly stay in the evaluation process, service satisfaction and other levels, the research is lack of pertinence. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to set up an evaluation index system of the quality of the old-age service which is suitable for the current situation. In this paper, a typical empirical research path is carried out according to "the theoretical basis of the problem is put forward and the index system of empirical analysis at home and abroad is constructed and the suggestion for improvement is put forward." The first is to use the method of literature research to sort out the theoretical basis of the establishment of the evaluation index system of the quality of the old-age care service purchased by the government and the practical experience and enlightenment of the typical areas inside and outside the country. Second, on the basis of combing the literature and synthesizing the whole process of government purchase of home pension services, according to the principles of systematization, operability, combination of quantitative and qualitative indicators and comparability, Delphi's method is adopted. The Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to construct the evaluation index system framework of home pension service quality. The evaluation index selection insists on the combination of subjective and objective contents, including specialization, standardization, accessibility, effectiveness, personnel force, equipment and facilities, process, etiquette, responsiveness, cost and price, subjectivity, etc. Objective 8 secondary indexes and 18 third grade indexes. Thirdly, using the methods of investigation, statistics and field research, taking B city as an example, using the established evaluation index system to evaluate the quality of the home pension service purchased by B city government, and then through the implementation of home pension service with B city. The subjective evaluation of service object and the result of expert evaluation are compared to verify the index system further. Fourthly, the verification results show that the evaluation results obtained according to the objective index system are consistent with the implementation of the old-age care at home in B city, and the subjective evaluation and expert evaluation opinions of the service object are more consistent, which proves that the evaluation index system constructed is scientific. Rationality. Fifthly, it points out that the current evaluation index system also faces some problems and challenges in the process of application, such as the difficulty of collecting evaluation information, the lack of standardization of evaluation details, the influence of the quality of service objects on the evaluation effect, etc. Based on this, a series of targeted policy recommendations are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D630;D669.6

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