發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-16 21:10

  本文選題：信訪 + 農(nóng)民�。� 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：信訪雖然是新中國(guó)成立以來所設(shè)立的一種制度,但與其類似的行為古已有之,從堯舜傳說中的敢諫之鼓與誹謗之木,到緹縈上書漢文帝救父,再到宋朝包青天、清末楊乃武小白菜等民間故事的廣為流傳,都不難看出上訪行為其實(shí)已經(jīng)延續(xù)了千年并根植在老百姓的心中,形成一種民俗文化被集體無意識(shí)的傳承下來,并成為底層人民與權(quán)貴抗衡的有力武器。從古至今,雖然在形式和名稱上有所不同,但其本質(zhì)是相同的,都是作為一種“救命稻草”式的解決途徑,為受到不公的底層民眾提供一條有望向上層統(tǒng)治者或管理者“沉冤得雪”的道路,在心理上,給與其極大的撫慰。信訪對(duì)于促進(jìn)我國(guó)改革和發(fā)展、化解國(guó)家矛盾、解決人民糾紛、建設(shè)和諧社會(huì)等方方面面都發(fā)揮著重要作用。本文以豫中X縣為例,通過對(duì)該縣三十三封上訪信的概述、分類和眾多上訪案例的分析,反映出廣大農(nóng)民的傳統(tǒng)權(quán)力觀如“官本位”的思想以及對(duì)于清官的想象和期待。同時(shí),通過信訪干部對(duì)各類上訪者案例的陳述,發(fā)現(xiàn)也有許多非訪、鬧訪的情況存在,一些政府官員認(rèn)為自己也是受害者。筆者分析這是由于上級(jí)中央的信訪政策,單純以上訪量作為考察官員和地方政府的依據(jù),對(duì)信訪人的訴求是否合理甄別不夠。同時(shí),通過政府與民眾二者之間拉鋸與對(duì)抗的描述,找出形成這種對(duì)峙的原因,一方面是由于個(gè)別基層干部解決問題能力低,另一方面群眾的維權(quán)意識(shí)增強(qiáng),法制意識(shí)卻十分欠缺。筆者試圖借鑒斯科特“日常抵抗”與“弱者的武器”等理論,對(duì)上訪案例進(jìn)行對(duì)比和闡述,然而發(fā)現(xiàn)西方的社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)理論難以真正解釋中國(guó)近十年居高不下的集體行動(dòng)高潮,需要另覓思路。最后本文從信訪制度的歷史淵源、民間故事的傳播、老百姓的集體無意識(shí)傳承幾方面來分析總結(jié)農(nóng)民信訪、鬧訪、越級(jí)上訪的行為邏輯和動(dòng)機(jī)。并通過真實(shí)的案例,從傳統(tǒng)文化的教育功能等方面尋求達(dá)到“無訟”理想的可行途徑。
[Abstract]:Although letters and visits have been established since the founding of New China, similar acts have existed from ancient times, from the drums and vilification trees in the legend of Yao and Shun, to the letters to Tina who wrote to Emperor Han Wendi to save his father, and to the Qing days of Bao Qing in the Song Dynasty. The widespread spread of folk stories such as Yang Naiwu and pakchoi in the late Qing Dynasty, it is not difficult to see that the petition behavior has actually lasted for thousands of years and has been rooted in the hearts of the common people, forming a folk culture that has been passed down by the collective unconscious. And become the bottom of the people and the powerful weapon against the powerful. From ancient to present, although the form and the name are different, their essence is the same and they are all used as a kind of "life-saving straw" way of solving the problem. To provide a way for the unfair underclass to "redress the grievances" of the upper rulers or managers, psychologically, to give them great comfort. Letters and visits play an important role in promoting China's reform and development, resolving national contradictions, resolving people's disputes and building a harmonious society. Taking X County in Henan Province as an example, through the summary, classification and analysis of many cases of 33 letters of petition in this county, this paper reflects the traditional views of power of peasants such as "official standard", as well as the imagination and expectation of the clean officials. At the same time, through the statements made by petition cadres to various cases of petitioners, it was found that there were also many non-visits, and some government officials thought that they were also victims. The author analyzes that this is due to the higher central authorities' policy of petition and visiting, which only takes the amount of petition as the basis for investigating officials and local governments, and whether the appeal of petitioners is reasonable or not is not enough. At the same time, through the description of the tension and confrontation between the government and the public, we can find out the reasons for this confrontation. On the one hand, it is due to the low ability of individual grassroots cadres to solve problems, and on the other hand, the masses' awareness of safeguarding their rights is enhanced. However, the consciousness of legal system is very deficient. The author tries to draw lessons from Scott's theory of "daily resistance" and "weapon of the weak" to compare and expound the case of petition. However, it is found that the western theory of social movement can hardly explain the climax of collective action in China, which is high in recent ten years. Other ideas need to be found. Finally, this paper analyzes and summarizes the behavior logic and motivation of farmers' petition, call, petition by leapfrogging from the historical origin of petition system, the spread of folk story, and the collective unconscious inheritance of common people. And through the real case, from the traditional culture education function and so on, seeks to achieve "no lawsuit" ideal feasible way.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D632.8

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本文編號(hào)：2028118