本文選題：地方政府利益 + 自利性　； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：與克思和恩格斯的利益沖哭理論告訴我們,人類的一切活動都是為了利益,所以說人們所奮斗的一切都與他們的利益有關(guān)。既然利益是社會活動的根源,那么政府作為一個實體,也有其利益訴求,而且,從根本上說,政府主體也是由基本的人員組成,所以政府利益是客觀存在的。但是,政府是一個特殊的利益主體,因為政府從根本上說是一個服務(wù)行的機構(gòu),是為了整個社會和國家的發(fā)展,保障人民的利益而存在的,其本質(zhì)的利益追求應(yīng)當是建立在全社會利益實現(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上的。政府是一個“公共人”,其追求的利益就是公共利益,是一個為全民謀福祉的主體。然而,事實證明,政府也是一個“經(jīng)濟人”,也有他自身的利益訴求,為自己謀取一定的福利。我國是地域遼闊,人口眾多的國家,因此政府在管理上存在一定的難度,因此,地方政府的作用就凸顯出來,國家的發(fā)展離不開地方的發(fā)展,地方的發(fā)展離不開當?shù)卣挠行е卫�。因�?研究地方政府的治理就有必要從地方政府利益的角度,找到地方政府有效治理的路徑。隨著我國社會經(jīng)濟的轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展,地方政府的地位也發(fā)生了一些改變,中央對地方政府的權(quán)限劃分,資源分配等方面也進行了不斷地探索和調(diào)整。因為,地方政府一方面是公共利益的代表,要以整個社會的利益為準繩,為地區(qū)的發(fā)展出謀劃策,為人民謀取更多的福利；而另一方面,地方政府同樣也具有“經(jīng)濟人”的特性,當然要想實現(xiàn)自身的利益,但是在其自利性的驅(qū)使下,加上地方政府權(quán)力的擴大,很容易造成地方政府在發(fā)展自身利益的同時無視甚至損害整體的利益,當對權(quán)力的監(jiān)督不夠完善的時候,地方政府更容易滋生各種腐敗行為,甚至打著發(fā)展地區(qū)利益的旗號,截取各種資源,無視當?shù)厝嗣竦纳姘l(fā)展。所以,地方政府這種利益沖突的存在,為我們研究地方政府利益提供了基礎(chǔ)。當前,我國各種社會問題頻發(fā),其最根本的原因就是政府沒有發(fā)揮好其正確的作用,地方政府在治理的過程中沒有真正明確好自身的職責,過度地追求自身利益的實現(xiàn),忽視其公共性的一面。因此,需要地方政府實現(xiàn)公共性,做到善治,就需要從兩個方面來進行：一方面,滿足地方政府的合理利益訴求,讓地方政府的合理的權(quán)限范圍內(nèi)追求自身利益的實現(xiàn),提高地方政府治理的積極性,有更大的動力來實現(xiàn)公共利益；另一方面,就必須要對地方政府的不正當利益進行規(guī)范,遏制其自利性的擴張。從而改善地方政府的治理模式,達到善治的目的。故本文希望通過對地方政府利益的研究,為地方政府實現(xiàn)有效的治理提出一些看法,也希望我們的政府不斷改革創(chuàng)新,做到公共性與自利性的協(xié)調(diào)。
[Abstract]:The theory of crying in the interest of Keith and Engels tells us that all human activities are for the benefit, so what people strive for is related to their interests. Since interest is the root of social activities, the government, as an entity, also has its interests, and, fundamentally speaking, the main body of government is also composed of basic personnel, so the interests of the government exist objectively. However, the government is a special body of interest, because it is fundamentally a service provider and exists for the sake of the development of the whole society and the country and the protection of the interests of the people. The essence of the pursuit of interest should be based on the realization of the interests of the whole society. The government is a "public person" whose interest is the public interest and the main body for the welfare of the whole people. However, facts have proved that the government is also an "economic man" and has its own interests and interests to obtain certain benefits for itself. China is a country with a vast territory and a large population, so there are some difficulties in the management of the government. Therefore, the role of the local government is highlighted. The development of the country cannot be separated from the development of the local government. Local development can not be separated from the effective governance of the local government. Therefore, it is necessary to study the governance of local government from the angle of interests of local government to find the path of effective governance of local government. With the development of social economy in our country, the status of local government has also changed, and the central government has been constantly exploring and adjusting the division of local government authority and the distribution of resources. This is because, on the one hand, local governments are the representatives of the public interest, they must take the interests of the whole society as the yardstick, and they should make plans for the development of the region and seek more welfare for the people; on the other hand, Local governments also have the characteristics of "economic man". Of course, they want to realize their own interests, but driven by their self-interest, they add to the expansion of local government power. It is easy to cause local governments to ignore or even damage the overall interests while developing their own interests. When the supervision of power is not perfect, local governments are more likely to breed corruption of all kinds, even in the name of developing regional interests. Intercept all kinds of resources and ignore the survival and development of the local people. Therefore, the existence of conflicts of interest of local governments provides a basis for us to study the interests of local governments. At present, the most fundamental reason for the frequent occurrence of various social problems in China is that the government has not played its correct role, the local government has not really clearly defined its own responsibilities in the process of governance, and has excessively pursued the realization of its own interests. Ignore its public side. Therefore, it is necessary for the local government to achieve publicity and good governance from two aspects: on the one hand, to satisfy the reasonable interests of the local government, and to allow the local government to pursue the realization of its own interests within the scope of its reasonable competence. On the other hand, it is necessary to regulate the improper interests of local governments and curb the expansion of self-interest. In order to improve the governance model of local governments, to achieve the goal of good governance. Therefore, this paper hopes to put forward some views for the effective governance of local government through the study of the interests of local governments, and also hopes that our government will constantly reform and innovate, and achieve the coordination of publicity and self-interest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D630

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