本文選題：常熟市 + 兒童福利院　； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化與我國改革開放進(jìn)程的不斷加快,中國與世界的聯(lián)系越來越密切,各國間的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的交流碰撞日益頻繁,而福利院的涉外收養(yǎng)問題作為國際發(fā)展潮流中的一項(xiàng)特殊課題也逐漸被一些國家提上日程。一方面,它關(guān)系到被送養(yǎng)兒童以及接收者權(quán)利及利益的實(shí)現(xiàn);另一方面,它也連接著收養(yǎng)國與送養(yǎng)國之間的國際關(guān)系。中國作為一個送養(yǎng)大國,更應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)對兒童福利院涉外收養(yǎng)管理問題的關(guān)注,這對兒童權(quán)益的實(shí)現(xiàn)有著決定性的意義。研究常熟市涉外收養(yǎng)管理工作,一定程度上豐富了涉外收養(yǎng)的相關(guān)理論,有利于進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)我市涉外收養(yǎng)管理相關(guān)理論的發(fā)展和完善,有利于進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)常熟市孤殘兒童涉外收養(yǎng)的健康發(fā)展,更有利于保障棄嬰兒的合法利益,實(shí)現(xiàn)孤殘兒童利益最大化。本文通過總結(jié)常熟市兒童福利院涉外收養(yǎng)管理工作的歷程,選取常熟市兒童福利院涉外收養(yǎng)管理為對象進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)研究,并結(jié)合國內(nèi)外的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),運(yùn)用相關(guān)理論對常熟市涉外收養(yǎng)管理的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀以及發(fā)展過程中的不足進(jìn)行深入的分析,從而對常熟市涉外收養(yǎng)管理的發(fā)展提出有針對性的對策及建議。涉外收養(yǎng)保障了棄嬰和孤殘兒童的合法權(quán)益和基本權(quán)利,讓那些喪失了父母和家庭,且沒有自我保護(hù)能力的社會弱勢群體回歸家庭,使其擁有與正常兒童一樣的生存權(quán)、發(fā)展權(quán)和受保護(hù)權(quán)等權(quán)利,在有家庭溫暖的環(huán)境中生活和成長。因?yàn)?有父母關(guān)愛的家庭能為其創(chuàng)造適合其身心全面協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的環(huán)境。同時,由于收養(yǎng)國的醫(yī)療保障體系完善、醫(yī)療技術(shù)水平發(fā)達(dá),且收養(yǎng)家庭一般經(jīng)濟(jì)條件較好、養(yǎng)父母受教育程度較高,也使一些在國內(nèi)得不到有效救治的殘疾兒童在收養(yǎng)國得到康復(fù)治療,和正常兒童一樣生活和成長。此外,通過與國外收養(yǎng)組織和家庭的交流合作,加深了相互了解,增進(jìn)了收養(yǎng)國與送養(yǎng)國之間的友誼,這些被收養(yǎng)的兒童也成為了中外民間交往的友好使者和文化傳播者。所以說,涉外收養(yǎng)不僅有利于孤殘兒童的成長和身心協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,也有利于國家間的溝通和交流。經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的迅速發(fā)展,常熟市逐漸融入到整個社會轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵時期,與世界其他國家接觸與合作的機(jī)會與日俱增。兒童福利院作為體現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)與文化發(fā)展的重要標(biāo)志,在常熟也得到了極大的發(fā)展。福利院的硬件設(shè)施不斷提升,管理的科學(xué)化水平也不斷提高,同時接收與送養(yǎng)的情況也發(fā)生了很大的變化。福利院被接收的兒童的數(shù)量不斷增長,而且接收者的整體條件也明顯的優(yōu)于過去的收養(yǎng)者,這對于兒童身心發(fā)育、未來的健康發(fā)展,以及促進(jìn)和諧常熟的建立起著積極作用。但是常熟市兒童福利院的涉外收養(yǎng)管理還存在著許多亟待解決的問題,例如機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)部職權(quán)不清晰、收養(yǎng)確定的主體范圍狹隘、對于殘疾兒童歧視的傳統(tǒng)觀念難以消解;涉外收養(yǎng)對象在很長一段時期里缺乏有效的管理,許多棄嬰由于多種多樣的原因失去了獲得有效救治的時機(jī),甚至失去了回歸家庭的機(jī)會,太多大齡殘疾兒童在機(jī)構(gòu)荒廢余生,在收養(yǎng)程序、監(jiān)管體制上的缺失也導(dǎo)致了一些完成涉外送養(yǎng)的對象與送養(yǎng)機(jī)構(gòu)長期失聯(lián),在與家庭融合階段遇到極大的困難。本研究建立在對其他國家及地區(qū)的涉外收養(yǎng)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,借鑒先進(jìn)的涉外收養(yǎng)管理經(jīng)驗(yàn),采取實(shí)證研究的方法,對常熟市兒童福利院的涉外收養(yǎng)管理問題進(jìn)行調(diào)查、分析,并運(yùn)用訪談、實(shí)證等手段對現(xiàn)有管理狀況形成系統(tǒng)化的調(diào)研,通過查閱文獻(xiàn)、期刊、專著等資料,向優(yōu)秀典型福利機(jī)構(gòu)討教經(jīng)驗(yàn)。參照我市涉外收養(yǎng)的實(shí)際情況,形成經(jīng)驗(yàn)啟示,把握常熟市兒童福利院涉外收養(yǎng)發(fā)展特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律,探索其發(fā)展的趨勢和存在的問題,并提出解決的對策和建議,通過加強(qiáng)涉外收養(yǎng)對象的救助管理,健全養(yǎng)育模式、開展全面康復(fù)、倡導(dǎo)親情化教育,并增強(qiáng)涉外收養(yǎng)對象社會化程序等方式來有效管理收養(yǎng)對象;通過優(yōu)化機(jī)構(gòu)的硬件設(shè)置、側(cè)重以人為本的管理體系、科學(xué)設(shè)置崗位等多種手段來促進(jìn)職工職業(yè)素養(yǎng)的提高,增進(jìn)各區(qū)域、部門間的通力合作,來規(guī)范管理涉外送養(yǎng)機(jī)構(gòu);通過擴(kuò)大收養(yǎng)對象的范圍、規(guī)范涉外送養(yǎng)的程序、健全資格審核制度、以及系統(tǒng)化回訪制度來規(guī)范涉外送養(yǎng)管理的程序;通過落實(shí)涉外收養(yǎng)的法律法規(guī)、健全事后追蹤體系來健全涉外收養(yǎng)管理監(jiān)督管理體制,進(jìn)而達(dá)到更全面地了解整個國家的涉外收養(yǎng)狀況、為解決中國涉外收養(yǎng)問題提供參考的目的。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economic globalization and the process of China's reform and opening up, the connection between China and the world is becoming more and more close. The exchange of political, economic and cultural exchanges between countries is increasingly frequent, and the issue of foreign adoption in welfare homes, as a special subject in the international development trend, has gradually been put on the agenda by some countries. On the one hand, it is closed. On the other hand, it connects the international relations between the adoptive countries and the adoptive countries. On the other hand, as a large feeding country, China should pay more attention to the adoption management of children's welfare homes, which is of decisive significance to the realization of the rights of children. The study of Changshou City is of great significance. The management of foreign adoption, to a certain extent, enriches the related theories of foreign adoptions, and helps to further promote the development and improvement of relevant theories on foreign adoption management in our city. It is beneficial to further promoting the healthy development of the orphaned children in Changshou City, which is more conducive to the protection of the legitimate interests of abandoned infants and the realization of the interests of orphans and disabled children. By summing up the course of the adoption management of the Changshou City children's welfare home, this paper selects the foreign adoption management of the Changshou City children's welfare home as the object of research, and combines the successful experience at home and abroad, and uses the relevant theories to make a thorough study of the appearance of the adoption management of Changshou City's foreign adoption and the deficiency in the process of development. In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of abandoned and orphaned children and the basic rights of the children of abandoned and orphaned children in Changshou City, the social disadvantaged groups who have lost their parents and families and have no self-protection ability return to their families, so that they have the same life as normal children. The right to save, develop and protect the right to live and grow in a warm family. Because the family with parental care can create an environment for its comprehensive and coordinated development of the body and mind. At the same time, the health care system of the adoptive country is perfect, the level of medical technology is developed, and the adoptive family is in good general economic conditions, and the adoptive father is the adoptive father. The higher educational level of the mother has also made some disabled children who are not effectively treated in the country to receive rehabilitation treatment in the adoptive country and live and grow as normal children. In addition, through cooperation with foreign adoptive organizations and families, it deepens mutual understanding and enhances the friendship between the recipient countries and the feeding countries, which are adopted. Children also become friendly ambassadors and cultural disseminators of Chinese and foreign folk exchanges. Therefore, the adoption of foreign adoptions is not only conducive to the growth of orphans and disabled children and the coordinated development of body and mind, but also conducive to communication and communication between countries. The rapid development of economy and culture, Changshou City gradually integrated into the key period of the whole social transformation, and the rest of the world. Opportunities for contact and cooperation are increasing. As an important symbol of economic and cultural development, children's welfare homes have also been greatly developed in Changshu. The hardware facilities of the welfare homes have been improved and the scientific level of management has been improved. Meanwhile, the situation of receiving and feeding has also changed greatly. The welfare homes have been received. The number of children is growing, and the overall conditions of the recipient are obviously superior to those of the adopters. This plays an active role in the physical and mental development of children, the healthy development of the future and the establishment of a harmonious Changshu. However, there are many problems to be solved in the management of foreign adoptions in Changshou City children's welfare homes, such as institutions. The internal authority is not clear, the main body of adoption is narrow, the traditional concept of discrimination against disabled children is difficult to eliminate; the foreign adoptive objects lack effective management for a long period of time. Many abandoned infants lose the opportunity to get effective treatment for a variety of reasons, and even lose the opportunity to return to the family, too many old ages. The handicapped children have been abandoned in institutions for the rest of their lives. The lack of adoption procedures and supervision system has also led to a long loss of connection between the objects and the feeding institutions. This study is based on the study of other countries and regions, and on the basis of the advanced foreign adoption management. Taking the method of empirical research, this paper makes an investigation and Analysis on the problems of foreign adoption management in Changshou City children's Welfare Institute, and uses interviews and empirical methods to form a systematic survey on the existing management situation. By consulting the literature, periodicals, monographs and other materials, it teaches the typical welfare institutions of excellent show. Reference is made to the adoption of foreign adoptions in our city. The actual situation, the formation of experience enlightenment, grasp the characteristics and laws of the development of the Changshou City children's welfare home, explore the development trend and the existing problems, and put forward solutions and suggestions, through strengthening the assistance management of the foreign adoptive objects, improving the nurturing model, opening up comprehensive rehabilitation, advocating affectionate education, and strengthening foreign income collection. In order to effectively manage the adoption object, such as the socialization procedure of the object of raising the object, by optimizing the hardware setting of the organization, focusing on the people-oriented management system, and setting up the posts scientifically to promote the improvement of the professional attainment of the staff and workers, and to promote the cooperation between the various regions and the departments, to standardize the management of the foreign-related feeding institutions; and by expanding the adoption object. We should standardize the procedures for foreign feeding, improve the system of qualification examination and systematized return visit system to standardize the procedures for the management of Foreign-related Adoption. Through the implementation of the laws and regulations of foreign adoptions and the improvement of the post tracking system, the system of supervision and management of foreign adoption management should be improved so as to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the foreign adoption status of the whole country. The purpose of this study is to provide reference for China's adoption of foreign related issues.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D632.1

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