本文選題：人口“空心化” + 村民自治�。� 參考：《西華大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：村民自治,為改革開(kāi)放三十多年來(lái)我國(guó)農(nóng)村社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。但是,由于人口“空心化”現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn),大量農(nóng)民離鄉(xiāng)入城,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村自治主體流失,社會(huì)管理混亂,加劇了社會(huì)的不信任感,給村民自治造成了極大的不利影響。因此,充分認(rèn)識(shí)人口“空心化”給村民自治工作所帶來(lái)的困境,并根據(jù)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展形勢(shì)采取有效措施予以治理,成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急。規(guī)范的制度是村民自治的首要保障。我國(guó)村民自治已逐漸形成一個(gè)由國(guó)家、地方以及村級(jí)單位三個(gè)層面的規(guī)范體系。上有中央有關(guān)國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)制定的,在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)具有普遍適用性和約束力,主要包括《憲法》、《村委會(huì)組織法》和其他一些規(guī)范性文件。中為地方有關(guān)國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)制定的,在地方范圍內(nèi)具有普遍意義和約束力的地方性法律條文,包括省、市、縣和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)四級(jí)。下有村民會(huì)議或者村民代表會(huì)議制定的,在村的范圍內(nèi)具有普遍約束力,主要包括村民自治章程、村規(guī)民約和各項(xiàng)專門性規(guī)定。村民自治組織已經(jīng)形成一個(gè)由權(quán)利機(jī)構(gòu)和工作機(jī)構(gòu)組成的組織體系。在村民自治組織體系內(nèi)部,各種自治組織之間的關(guān)系不同,對(duì)村民自治功能的影響不同。村民自治制度確立后,與鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政權(quán)和黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)等農(nóng)村公權(quán)力發(fā)生一定的關(guān)系。在制度的制定層面來(lái)看,村民自治與鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政權(quán)是指導(dǎo)與被指導(dǎo)、協(xié)助與被協(xié)助的關(guān)系;村民自治與黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的關(guān)系。論文共分為五部分:第一部分為緒論,從文章研究背景出發(fā),指明研究目的與意義,回顧國(guó)內(nèi)、國(guó)外有人口“空心化”與我國(guó)村民自治的研究現(xiàn)狀,確定文章研究的起點(diǎn)。第二部分通過(guò)對(duì)我國(guó)村民自治工作的發(fā)展歷程、現(xiàn)狀以及取得的成績(jī)?nèi)齻�(gè)方面進(jìn)行闡述,系統(tǒng)介紹了村民自治工作的權(quán)利機(jī)構(gòu)、工作機(jī)構(gòu)和運(yùn)行機(jī)制,明確了村民自治的工作內(nèi)涵。第三部分首先對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)村人口“空心化”的背景進(jìn)行介紹,然后從農(nóng)村人口的外流情況和農(nóng)村人口結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)論述了農(nóng)村人口“空心化”的具體表現(xiàn),最后客觀評(píng)價(jià)了農(nóng)村人口“空心化”的影響。第四部分揭示并論述了人口“空心化”背景下我國(guó)村民自治面臨的困境:村民參與自治的意識(shí)不強(qiáng)、參與自治的能力不足、自治機(jī)構(gòu)功能性不足和村民自治運(yùn)行不暢的問(wèn)題。第五部分揭示并論述了解決人口“空心化”背景下我國(guó)村民自治面臨困境的有效途徑:營(yíng)造村民自治的良好氛圍、創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),吸引“精英”回鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)、提高村民參與自治的能力、完善村民自治的運(yùn)行機(jī)制和保障體系。本文所研究的課題以人口“空心化”為視角,并以此為介入點(diǎn)對(duì)村民自治的基本問(wèn)題進(jìn)行全面、深入與系統(tǒng)的分析與探究,揭示并論述了村民自治工作在人口“空心化”背景下面臨的困境,并全面系統(tǒng)的分析問(wèn)題,從而提出有針對(duì)性的對(duì)策建議。
[Abstract]:Villagers' self-government has made great contribution to the stability and development of rural society in the past 30 years. However, due to the phenomenon of "hollowing out" of population, a large number of peasants leave their homes and enter the city, which leads to the loss of the main body of rural autonomy, the confusion of social management, the aggravation of social distrust, and the great adverse effects on villagers' autonomy. Therefore, it is urgent to fully understand the dilemma brought by the population "hollowing out" to the villagers' autonomy work and take effective measures to deal with it according to the situation of social and economic development. Standard system is the primary guarantee of villagers' autonomy. Villager autonomy in our country has gradually formed a normative system with three levels of state, local and village units. It is generally applicable and binding in the whole country, including the Constitution, the Organic Law of Village Committee and some other normative documents. The local legal provisions, which are of universal significance and binding force in the local scope, include provincial, municipal, county and township levels. The villagers' meeting or the villagers' representative meeting shall have general binding force within the village scope, mainly including the villagers' autonomy constitution, village rules and regulations and various special regulations. The villager self-governing organization has formed an organization system composed of power organization and working organization. In the system of villager autonomous organization, the relationship between various autonomous organizations is different, and the influence on the function of villager autonomy is different. After the establishment of villager autonomy system, it has a certain relationship with the rural public power, such as the township power and the leadership of the Party. At the level of system formulation, villager autonomy and township government are the relations of guidance and guidance, assistance and assistance, and the relationship between villagers' autonomy and the leadership of the Party is that of leading and being led. The thesis is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction. From the background of the article, it points out the purpose and significance of the research, reviews the research status quo of the population "hollowing out" and the villagers' autonomy at home and abroad, and determines the starting point of the article. The second part, through the development course, the present situation and the achievements of the villagers' autonomy work in our country, systematically introduces the right organization, the working organization and the running mechanism of the villagers' autonomy work. The working connotation of villagers' autonomy is clarified. The third part first introduces the background of "hollowing" of rural population in our country, and then discusses the concrete manifestation of "hollowing" of rural population from the situation of rural population outflow and the characteristics of rural population structure. Finally, the paper objectively evaluates the influence of "hollowing" of rural population. The fourth part reveals and discusses the plight of villagers' autonomy in China under the background of population "hollowing": the villagers' consciousness of participating in autonomy is not strong, the ability to participate in autonomy is insufficient, the function of autonomous organization is insufficient and the running of villagers' autonomy is not smooth. The fifth part reveals and discusses the effective ways to solve the dilemma of villager autonomy in China under the background of population "hollowing out": to create a good atmosphere for villager autonomy, to innovate the industrial structure, and to attract "elite" to return to their hometown to start their own businesses. Improve villagers' ability to participate in autonomy, improve the operational mechanism and guarantee system of villagers' autonomy. From the perspective of "hollowing out" of population, this paper studies the basic problems of villager autonomy in a comprehensive, in-depth and systematic way. This paper reveals and discusses the plight of villagers' autonomy work under the background of population "hollowing out", and analyzes the problems comprehensively and systematically, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D638

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