本文選題：近代 + 常州��； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近代中國(guó)社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩、災(zāi)害不斷,廣大下層人民生活十分困苦,迫切需要社會(huì)的救助。慈善組織在救助窮苦民眾、穩(wěn)定社會(huì)秩序方面有重要作用。常州作為東南地區(qū)的一個(gè)重要城市,慈善救助事業(yè)歷史悠久、內(nèi)容豐富,近代以來(lái)慈善事業(yè)內(nèi)容進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展,慈善主體進(jìn)一步多元化,政府的監(jiān)管意圖逐漸加強(qiáng),呈現(xiàn)出近代之前未出現(xiàn)的新動(dòng)向。但目前史學(xué)界對(duì)它的研究還比較薄弱。文章勾勒出近代常州慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展的基本脈絡(luò)狀況,揭示慈善事業(yè)的重要內(nèi)容、機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置及內(nèi)部管理,為現(xiàn)在社會(huì)公益慈善事業(yè)提供借鑒。文章首先把慈善組織放在歷史發(fā)展的宏觀環(huán)境下,考察了近代常州慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)。清代中前期常州傳統(tǒng)慈善事業(yè)典型的四個(gè)方面:育嬰事業(yè)、施棺助葬事業(yè)、恤嫠事業(yè)、粥店與貧民生存。清末傳統(tǒng)慈善組織在慈善內(nèi)容和慈善業(yè)務(wù)上有深度擴(kuò)展,如保嬰保節(jié)局除了育嬰恤嫠之外,還參與賑災(zāi)捐款活動(dòng),更是常州的善款流轉(zhuǎn)、調(diào)配中心。從近代新型慈善理念的角度來(lái)分析近代常州新型慈善組織興起的狀況,慈善組織救濟(jì)方式的轉(zhuǎn)變,新的救濟(jì)理念的樹(shù)立。民國(guó)常州的慈善事業(yè)呈現(xiàn)多元發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。傳統(tǒng)慈善組織在民初有所變革,以適應(yīng)時(shí)代發(fā)展;近代新型慈善組織在民國(guó)發(fā)展壯大,成為常州慈善事業(yè)的重要組成部分;兩紅會(huì)還積極參與戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)救援,放賑地區(qū)遠(yuǎn)至安徽。其次,文章通過(guò)近距離觀察,得出不同階段慈善事業(yè)的主導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)。公善堂代表著紳士力量的管理全城的公共慈善事業(yè),對(duì)公共財(cái)產(chǎn)進(jìn)行直接控制。民國(guó)初年,設(shè)立公款公產(chǎn)處,代表官方力量全面接管慈善事業(yè)。1930年,救濟(jì)院成立以后對(duì)常州慈善事業(yè)進(jìn)一步整理,帶有很強(qiáng)的政治性。商會(huì)在近代慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展中不可替代的作用,為常州善堂及慈善活動(dòng)提供經(jīng)費(fèi)。部分善堂為了維持穩(wěn)定而又充足的經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源,還參與實(shí)業(yè)的投資,甚至成為商業(yè)公司的股東,可以說(shuō)是近代慈善組織在發(fā)展中的一個(gè)重大轉(zhuǎn)變。基督教會(huì)為了能減小傳教的阻力,也積極參與慈善活動(dòng)。最后,通過(guò)對(duì)慈善組織內(nèi)部建設(shè)的考察,分析慈善組織的內(nèi)部決策機(jī)制和管理權(quán)責(zé)問(wèn)題。建立在公開(kāi)、透明基礎(chǔ)上的董事加會(huì)議決策機(jī)制,能使得慈善組織最大發(fā)揮民主,以致運(yùn)行達(dá)到最佳效果。慈善組織內(nèi)部雖然沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格的等級(jí)制度,但是慈善組織內(nèi)部管理較為規(guī)范,人員職責(zé)劃分清晰。民國(guó)慈善組織的管理人員任職正如同現(xiàn)今社會(huì)人員的上班,上下班時(shí)間也有明確的規(guī)定。文章以游民習(xí)藝所為個(gè)案,通過(guò)仔細(xì)考察其內(nèi)部管理,得出值得現(xiàn)代慈善組織學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)部建設(shè)管理成果。慈善事業(yè)從側(cè)面反映地方社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)文化發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。文章通過(guò)三章的研究論述,比較全面客觀地揭示了近代常州慈善事業(yè)的發(fā)展階段和獨(dú)特內(nèi)容,這不僅對(duì)常州慈善事業(yè)的研究有所補(bǔ)益,同時(shí)也可對(duì)當(dāng)代慈善事業(yè)提供有益的借鑒。
[Abstract]:In modern China, social unrest, disasters, the masses of the lower class living very poor, urgent need of social assistance. Charitable organizations play an important role in helping the poor and stabilizing social order. As an important city in Southeast China, Changzhou has a long history and rich contents of charitable relief. Since modern times, the charity has expanded further, the main body of charity has become more diversified, and the intention of the government to supervise and rescue has been gradually strengthened. It presents a new trend that did not appear before modern times. But at present, the research on it in the field of history is relatively weak. This paper outlines the basic situation of the development of charity in Changzhou in modern times, reveals the important contents of charity, the establishment of institutions and internal management, and provides a reference for social charity. At first, the article investigates the development of charity in Changzhou under the macro environment of historical development. The typical four aspects of Changzhou's traditional charity in the early Qing Dynasty are babyrearing undertaking, coffin giving and burial undertaking, compassionate work, porridge shop and poor people's survival. At the end of Qing Dynasty, the traditional charity organizations had deep expansion in charity content and charity business. For example, babyprotection festival bureau not only took part in the relief donation activities, but also in Changzhou's charity circulation and distribution center. From the point of view of modern new charitable concept, this paper analyzes the rising situation of modern Changzhou new charity organization, the transformation of charity relief method and the establishment of new relief idea. The philanthropy of Changzhou in the Republic of China shows a trend of pluralistic development. Traditional charitable organizations in the early Republic of China to adapt to the development of the times; modern new charitable organizations in the Republic of China to become an important part of Changzhou charity; the two Red Cross also actively participate in the war rescue, relief areas as far as Anhui. Secondly, through close observation, the paper draws the leading organization of charity in different stages. Gongshan Hall represents a gentleman's power to manage the city's public philanthropy and direct control of public property. In the early years of the Republic of China, a public property office was set up to take over the charity on behalf of the official forces. In 1930, after the establishment of the relief house, the charity in Changzhou was further sorted out, with a strong political character. The Chamber of Commerce plays an irreplaceable role in the development of modern philanthropy and provides funds for the charity activities of Changzhou. In order to maintain a stable and sufficient source of funds, part of Shantang also participated in the investment of industry and even became a shareholder of commercial companies, which can be said to be a major change in the development of modern charitable organizations. The Christian Church is also actively involved in charitable activities in order to reduce missionary resistance. Finally, through the investigation of the internal construction of charitable organizations, this paper analyzes the internal decision-making mechanism and management rights and responsibilities of charitable organizations. On the basis of openness and transparency, the decision-making mechanism of directors and meetings can make charitable organizations exert democracy to the maximum extent and achieve the best results. Although there is no strict hierarchy in charitable organizations, the internal management of charitable organizations is more standardized, and the responsibilities of personnel are clearly divided. The managers of the Republic of China's charitable organizations work as social workers today, and their commuting hours are clearly defined. Based on the case of Traveller's study of art and practice, this paper makes a careful study of its internal management, and draws the results of internal construction management which are worthy of study by modern charitable organizations. Philanthropy reflects the economic and cultural development of local society from the side. Through the study of three chapters, the article comprehensively and objectively reveals the development stage and unique content of modern Changzhou charity, which is not only helpful to the research of Changzhou charity, At the same time can also provide useful reference for contemporary philanthropy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D632.9

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