本文選題：失獨家庭　切入點：政府責任　出處：《電子科技大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：失獨家庭一般是指獨生子女因疾病、意外事故等不可控因素致死,而父母自身因年齡、身體、經(jīng)濟等原因,無法或不愿意再生育子女的家庭。失獨家庭的存在是我國特有的社會現(xiàn)象,是國家實施“一胎化”計劃生育政策的產(chǎn)物。獨生子女的死亡,破壞了穩(wěn)固的倒金字塔式的家庭結構,部分失獨父母成為生無所依、求助無門、維權無據(jù)、病無所醫(yī)、老無所養(yǎng)、死無人送的六無群體。近年來,為了改變自身所面臨的生活困境,實現(xiàn)政府應承擔的養(yǎng)老保障、生活照料、醫(yī)療保健等責任的合理訴求,失獨群體發(fā)起的信訪維權事件日益增多。雖然隨著我國全面“二孩”生育政策的實施,失獨群體最終會逐步減少直至消失,但目前,我國的失獨群體規(guī)模尚未達到峰值,在未來一定時期內(nèi)還將呈現(xiàn)增長趨勢,這一特殊群體人數(shù)雖無確切定論,但達到數(shù)百萬卻是不爭的事實。政府作為失獨家庭扶助制度的制定者與養(yǎng)老保障、經(jīng)濟扶助、生活照料、醫(yī)療保健等的責任主體之一,能否有效地構建起對失獨家庭的扶助體系,切實解決他們的現(xiàn)實困難和后顧之憂,事關社會穩(wěn)定和諧,事關黨和政府的形象,必須高度重視,有效應對。本文以責任政府理論、公共產(chǎn)品理論、新公共服務理論為理論支撐,在分析失獨家庭的政府扶助角色與失獨家庭利益訴求的基礎上,結合對我國現(xiàn)行相關法律、政策文本和典型失獨群體信訪事件的分析,研究失獨家庭的政府扶助政策與制度安排,探究失獨家庭的政府扶助實踐與存在的問題。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),失獨家庭問題日益受到黨和政府的高度重視,中央和地方政府針對失獨家庭問題出臺了一系列扶助政策與措施,取得了一定成效。但是,失獨家庭的政府扶助制度依然存在一些問題,表現(xiàn)為:失獨扶助法律政策不健全,扶助標準低且保障水平地區(qū)差異大,政府扶助重經(jīng)濟扶助輕心理扶助,扶助設置門檻,失獨家庭扶助工作機制不健全�；诋斍按嬖诘倪@些問題,應該著力完善失獨家庭政府扶助的相關制度,完善失獨家庭政府扶助的工作機制等,以進一步完善政府對失獨家庭的扶助體系,解除失獨家庭晚年生活的后顧之憂,促進社會穩(wěn)定和諧。
[Abstract]:Families without independence generally refer to the death of an only child due to uncontrollable factors such as illness, accidents, etc., while the parents themselves die because of age, health, economy, and so on. Families that are unable or unwilling to have children again. The existence of families without independence is a unique social phenomenon in China and a product of the country's implementation of the "one-child" family planning policy. It has destroyed the solid inverted pyramid family structure, and some of the dispossessed parents have become the six unsupported groups with no basis for life, no access to help, no basis for safeguarding their rights, no medical treatment for illness, no place to support old people, and no one to send to the dead. In recent years, In order to change the plight of their own lives and realize the reasonable demands of the government for the responsibility of providing for the aged, living care, medical care, etc., With the implementation of the comprehensive "two-child" fertility policy in our country, the number of lost independence groups will eventually decrease and disappear, but at present, the scale of the lost independence groups in China has not yet reached a peak. There will be an increasing trend in the future. Although there is no definite conclusion on the number of this special group, it is an indisputable fact to reach millions. The government, as the maker of the support system for families without independence and for the provision of old-age security and economic assistance, One of the responsible subjects of life care, medical care, and so on, can we effectively construct a support system for families who have lost their independence, effectively solve their practical difficulties and worries, have a bearing on social stability and harmony, and on the image of the party and the government? This paper, based on the theory of responsible government, the theory of public goods and the theory of new public service, is based on the analysis of the role of government support and the interests of families without independence. Based on the analysis of the current relevant laws, policy texts and the cases of letters and visits of the typical group, this paper studies the policy and institutional arrangement of government support for families without independence, probes into the practice and existing problems of government support for families without independence, and finds out that, The issue of families without independence has been paid more and more attention to by the Party and the government. The central and local governments have issued a series of policies and measures to help families without independence. There are still some problems in the system of government support for families without independence, such as imperfect legal policies, low standards of assistance and large regional differences in the level of protection, and the government supports the economy, neglects psychological assistance, and sets the threshold for assistance. The mechanism for helping families without independence is not perfect. Based on the existing problems, we should make efforts to improve the relevant systems of government support for families without independence, and improve the working mechanism of government support for families without independence. In order to further improve the government's support system for families who lost their independence, relieve their worries in their later years, and promote social stability and harmony.
【學位授予單位】：電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D632.1

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