本文選題：社會(huì)治理　切入點(diǎn)：社會(huì)成員身份　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：考察社會(huì)成員的身份變革,根據(jù)人類社會(huì)既有發(fā)展進(jìn)程我們可以概括出兩種典型的身份形態(tài)：臣民與公民。在農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)中,社會(huì)成員身份主要表現(xiàn)出臣民的特征；在工業(yè)社會(huì)中,社會(huì)成員的身份則以公民的形式呈現(xiàn)。以近代以來(lái)主流的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看,在社會(huì)治理活動(dòng)中不存在自由主義意義上的“個(gè)人”,社會(huì)治理活動(dòng)的參與者總是作為特定共同體中的一員展開(kāi)行動(dòng)的。在某種意義上,社會(huì)治理模式、共同體形態(tài)與社會(huì)成員身份之間的關(guān)系是相互結(jié)構(gòu)與形塑的。以一種歷史主義的解讀方式來(lái)看,特定歷史時(shí)期的社會(huì)治理的模式與共同體的類型決定了社會(huì)成員身份的性質(zhì)與資格,反過(guò)來(lái),社會(huì)成員身份也使得這一歷史時(shí)期的共同體類型及其社會(huì)治理模式得到穩(wěn)固。因而,我們可以判定,個(gè)體社會(huì)成員身份的歷史變革可以成為我們理解社會(huì)治理模式變革的一個(gè)視角。本文認(rèn)為,臣民身份、公民身份的生成與變革是由時(shí)代特征及其社會(huì)治理模式?jīng)Q定的,它們的存續(xù)是符合所處時(shí)代的要求的。因此,本文對(duì)于公民身份的批判建立在全球化、后工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的語(yǔ)境中,認(rèn)為需要揚(yáng)棄工業(yè)社會(huì)既有的靜態(tài)思維下的社會(huì)治理模式,力求在一種動(dòng)態(tài)思維中重新把握社會(huì)治理構(gòu)圖與社會(huì)成員身份,在公民權(quán)利的內(nèi)在缺陷和公民參與的形式化趨勢(shì)中去分析公民身份消解的可能性,通過(guò)對(duì)行動(dòng)者生成的時(shí)代背景及其社會(huì)治理方式轉(zhuǎn)型等方面的闡述,以期建構(gòu)一種全新的身份觀念。具體而言,本文將著力在“農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)——工業(yè)社會(huì)——后工業(yè)社會(huì)”的解釋框架中,根據(jù)每一歷史時(shí)期的時(shí)代特征,在社會(huì)治理的視野中去分析那個(gè)社會(huì)所對(duì)應(yīng)的社會(huì)成員身份及其變革。本文除緒論外,共分為五個(gè)部分：第一部分為主題的概述,主要介紹本文所用解釋框架以及界定與主題相關(guān)的概念,為整體研究提供規(guī)范性依據(jù)；第二部分切入主題,認(rèn)為從農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)到工業(yè)社會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)谏鐣?huì)成員身份上表現(xiàn)為從臣民到公民的轉(zhuǎn)變,通過(guò)對(duì)臣民、公民的特征、權(quán)利、義務(wù)等的描述,認(rèn)為從臣民到公民的轉(zhuǎn)變是政治文明的標(biāo)志性飛躍；第三部分重點(diǎn)分析當(dāng)前公民身份在社會(huì)生活中的境遇,從公民權(quán)利的內(nèi)在缺陷、公民參與的形式化走向、公民活動(dòng)中的政府控制角度論證公民身份為什么逐漸式微；第四部分首先介紹兩種重塑公民身份的嘗試并指出它們無(wú)法成功的原因,接著重點(diǎn)分析了當(dāng)前的時(shí)代特征,在全球化與隨之產(chǎn)生的高度開(kāi)放性、流動(dòng)性凸顯的時(shí)代特征中,社會(huì)治理模式出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)型的跡象,由此產(chǎn)生了一種作為替代公民身份的行動(dòng)者的構(gòu)想,并從多角度把握行動(dòng)者的內(nèi)涵與外延,最后指出行動(dòng)者與服務(wù)型政府的建構(gòu)是共進(jìn)的；最后一部分是結(jié)語(yǔ),總結(jié)全文。
[Abstract]:According to the existing development process of human society, we can generalize two typical forms of identity: subjects and citizens. In agricultural society, social membership mainly shows the characteristics of subjects; In industrial society, the status of members of society is presented in the form of citizens. From the perspective of the mainstream since modern times, There is no individual in the sense of liberalism in the social governance activities. The participants in the social governance activities always act as part of a particular community. In a sense, the social governance model, The relationship between the form of the community and the membership of the society is mutually structured and shaped. The pattern of social governance and the type of community in a particular historical period determine the nature and qualifications of social membership. Membership in society also solidifies the type of community and its model of social governance during this historical period. The historical change of individual social membership can be a visual angle for us to understand the transformation of social governance model. This paper holds that the generation and transformation of subjects' identity and citizenship are determined by the characteristics of the times and their social governance models. Therefore, the critique of citizenship in this paper is based on the context of globalization and post-industrialization, and considers it necessary to sublate the social governance model under the static thinking of the industrial society. In a dynamic thinking, we try to re-grasp the composition of social governance and social membership, and analyze the possibility of the resolution of citizenship in the inherent defects of civil rights and the formal trend of citizen participation. By expounding the background of the era and the transformation of social governance, the author hopes to construct a new concept of identity. This paper will focus on the interpretation of "agricultural society-industrial society-post-industrial society", according to the characteristics of each historical period, This paper is divided into five parts except introduction: the first part is an overview of the theme. This paper mainly introduces the explanatory framework used in this paper and defines the concepts related to the theme, which provides the normative basis for the overall study. The second part cuts into the theme. It is believed that the transformation from agricultural society to industrial society is reflected in the transformation from subjects to citizens through the description of subjects, civil characteristics, rights, obligations and so on. The third part focuses on the analysis of the current situation of citizenship in social life, from the inherent defects of civil rights, the formal trend of citizen participation, the transformation from subjects to citizens is an iconic leap of political civilization, the third part focuses on the analysis of the current situation of citizenship in social life. The angle of government control in citizen activities demonstrates why citizenship is gradually declining. Part 4th introduces two attempts to rebuild citizenship and points out the reasons why they can not succeed, and then analyzes the characteristics of the current era. In the era of globalization and its accompanying high openness and mobility, there are signs of transformation in social governance model, which gives rise to the idea of acting as a substitute for citizenship. Finally, the author points out that the construction of actor and service-oriented government goes hand in hand; the last part is the conclusion, which summarizes the full text.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D035;D034.5

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