本文選題：城鄉(xiāng)　切入點(diǎn)：統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前中國已處于生存型社會向發(fā)展型社會的轉(zhuǎn)型階段,其直接表現(xiàn)為基本公共服務(wù)的潛在需求全面轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)實(shí)需要。然而在二元體制下,城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展長期失衡,農(nóng)村居民難以享有城市居民的同等待遇,在基本公共服務(wù)推進(jìn)過程中受益非常有限。特別是在社會保障、教育資源分配、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、公共文化服務(wù)、就業(yè)機(jī)會獲取等方面長期滯后于農(nóng)村的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要。城鄉(xiāng)居民,特別是農(nóng)村居民對于基本公共服務(wù)的需求與政府供給不均的矛盾,是當(dāng)前社會的突出問題。城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)非均等化的態(tài)勢持續(xù)蔓延,已經(jīng)引起了政府、社會和學(xué)界的極大關(guān)注。伴隨著統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的理念,實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)均等化的理論和實(shí)踐也逐步展開。推進(jìn)覆蓋面之廣、歷時(shí)之久、差異之大的城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)均等化,其難點(diǎn)就在于如何建立必要的保障制度和推廣可行的方法,以彌合久拖至深的差異鴻溝,從而維護(hù)城鄉(xiāng)居民,特別是農(nóng)村居民享有基本公共服務(wù)的合理需求。這是基本權(quán)益的訴求、社會公平的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要,也是全面提升小康水平和構(gòu)建和諧社會的題中之義。隨著社會各界對城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)失衡的高度關(guān)注,城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)均等化的相關(guān)研究成果顯著。學(xué)者們不僅從理論層面進(jìn)行了多維度的系統(tǒng)分析,也從實(shí)踐角度對城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)均等化的推進(jìn)提出了很多政策建議和具體解決方案,并且一些經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮、條件成熟的地區(qū)在城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)均等化方面進(jìn)行了長期探索并取得了優(yōu)秀經(jīng)驗(yàn)。本文在學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒已有研究成果基礎(chǔ)上,以我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會轉(zhuǎn)型和二元體制下城鄉(xiāng)公共資源配置失衡為背景,首先回顧了國內(nèi)關(guān)于基本公共服務(wù)及均等化方面的主要研究文獻(xiàn)和理論成果,并歸納關(guān)于城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)均等化的主要觀點(diǎn)。通過界定基本公共服務(wù)均等化的概念,認(rèn)為城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)是為城鄉(xiāng)居民提供的一視同仁的基礎(chǔ)性公共服務(wù),均等化過程中須尊重自由選擇而非絕對平均,其是一個(gè)分層次、分階段的漸進(jìn)過程。然后分別分析我國城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)背后的城鄉(xiāng)二元體制演變和均等化的成果及不足,得出城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)受制于二元體制的牽絆,成就的取得源于二元體制的松動。繼而從供給渠道、決策機(jī)制、財(cái)權(quán)事權(quán)、轉(zhuǎn)移支付、治理方式等多角度解讀城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)均等化的難點(diǎn)。本文認(rèn)為,城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)均等化是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)性的工程,針對當(dāng)前面臨的困境,應(yīng)建立健全獨(dú)立的均等化原則、評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、評估制度,在原則的指導(dǎo)下,根據(jù)客觀評估結(jié)果,以相應(yīng)制度和治理路徑扭轉(zhuǎn)城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)的失衡。
[Abstract]:At present, China is in the stage of transition from a survival society to a developmental society, which is directly manifested in the overall shift from the potential demand for basic public services to the practical needs. However, under the dual system, the development of urban and rural economic and social development has been out of balance for a long time. It is difficult for rural residents to enjoy the same treatment as urban residents, and the benefits from the promotion of basic public services are very limited, especially in the areas of social security, distribution of educational resources, medical and health services, infrastructure construction, and public cultural services. Employment opportunities have lagged behind the real needs of the rural areas for a long time. The contradiction between the demand for basic public services and the uneven supply of the government among urban and rural residents, especially rural residents, The trend of non-equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas continues to spread, which has aroused great concern from the government, society and academic circles. Along with the concept of overall economic and social development in urban and rural areas, The theory and practice of realizing the equalization of urban and rural basic public services is also gradually unfolded, which promotes the equalization of urban and rural basic public services, which covers a wide range of areas, lasts for a long time, and varies greatly. The difficulty lies in how to establish the necessary safeguards system and promote feasible methods to bridge the long-drawn-out gap between the differences and thus preserve the urban and rural residents, In particular, the reasonable needs of rural residents to enjoy basic public services. This is the demand for basic rights and interests and the realistic need for social equity. It is also the meaning of raising the level of well-off society in an all-round way and building a harmonious society. With the attention of all walks of life to the imbalance of basic public services between urban and rural areas, The research on equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas has made remarkable achievements. Scholars have not only carried out a multi-dimensional systematic analysis from the theoretical level. It also puts forward many policy proposals and concrete solutions to promote the equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas from a practical point of view, and some economic prosperity. Mature regions have made a long-term exploration on the equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas and gained excellent experience. Against the background of the economic and social transformation and the imbalance of urban and rural public resources allocation under the dual system, this paper first reviews the main research literature and theoretical achievements on basic public services and equalization in China. By defining the concept of equalization of basic public services, it is concluded that the basic public services in urban and rural areas are the basic public services of equal treatment for urban and rural residents. In the process of equalization, free choice should be respected rather than absolute average. It is a gradual process of stratification and stages. Then, it analyzes the achievements and shortcomings of the evolution and equalization of urban-rural dual system behind the basic public services in urban and rural areas in China. It is concluded that the basic public services in urban and rural areas are constrained by the dual system, and the achievements are due to the loosening of the dual system. Then, from the supply channels, the decision-making mechanism, the financial power and the power to transfer payment, This paper holds that the equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas is a systematic project. In view of the current difficulties, we should establish and improve the principle of independent equalization. Under the guidance of principle and according to the objective evaluation result, the evaluation standard and evaluation system can reverse the imbalance of urban and rural basic public service by corresponding system and governance path.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D630

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本文編號：1589464