本文關鍵詞： 應急物資調(diào)運 交通管制優(yōu)化 車輛等待方案 貪心算法　出處：《山東師范大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來,自然災害、公共安全等重大突發(fā)性事件在我國甚至世界范圍內(nèi)頻發(fā),嚴重威脅著人民的生命財產(chǎn)安全。在突發(fā)事件面前,積極應對成為解決問題的關鍵,應急管理及相關決策系統(tǒng)的研究與開發(fā)的重要性更加突顯。災害發(fā)生后,需要大量的應急物資來保障應急救援工作的開展。而突發(fā)性事件的發(fā)生伴隨著各種不確定性因素,這使應急物資的快速有效調(diào)運成為應急救援工作的首要問題。為將應急物資快速調(diào)運至受災區(qū),需要對道路采取相應的交通管制措施。而交通管制的實施必然會對社會車輛的正常運行帶來干擾,從而產(chǎn)生一定程度的擾民。開展交通管制條件下的應急物資調(diào)運問題研究不僅可以保障在應急規(guī)定時間內(nèi)將物資調(diào)運至受災區(qū)而且可以使因交通管制造成的擾民程度最小,從而提高應急救援工作的效率和效益。本文首先對交通管制條件下應急物資調(diào)運的道路和車輛運行特點進行分析,構建基于單點對單點以及多出救點的應急物資調(diào)運的交通管制模型,設計算法求解模型,求得問題解決方案,并以實驗分析和驗證算法與模型的有效性。本文的主要創(chuàng)新點及貢獻如下:1)針對單點對單點的應急物資調(diào)運問題,提出一種基于貪心思想的交通管制方案優(yōu)化算法本文首先從單供應點對單受災點問題研究著手,考慮路段管制的具體方式,即全管制、半幅管制以及不管制,并對路段進行分時間段管制,提出基于貪心思想的交通管制優(yōu)化算法,以應急規(guī)定時間為上限,最終求得的交通管制方案不僅能保證應急物資在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)調(diào)運至受災區(qū)而且因交通管制造成的擾民程度最小。實驗結果顯示該算法可以得到滿足條件的最優(yōu)交通管制方案。2)針對多出救點的應急物資調(diào)運問題,提出基于貪心思想和車輛等待的交通管制方案優(yōu)化算法考慮到災害發(fā)生后對于應急物資的巨大消耗,將單點對單點的問題研究擴展到多出救點。在多出救點問題研究中出現(xiàn)了多個不同點的車輛同時到達同一點的擁堵問題。為此,提出基于貪心思想和車輛等待的交通管制方案優(yōu)化算法,對于出現(xiàn)的車輛擁堵現(xiàn)象運用FIFO的車輛等待策略。求得的車輛等待方案以及最優(yōu)交通管制方案,確保了應急車輛同時到達共同點時不會出現(xiàn)擁堵,應急物資在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)運達災區(qū)同時因交通管制造成的擾民程度最小。實驗結果表明該算法對于解決多出救點應急物資調(diào)運問題效果顯著。本文通過對交通管制條件下應急物資調(diào)運問題深入探討,運用具備現(xiàn)實意義的數(shù)學模型,設計較為嚴謹?shù)哪Ｐ退惴?以層層遞進的方式研究問題,在解決單點對單點問題研究基礎上,對于多出救點問題進行較為詳細的分析,并提出有效的解決方案,從而為應急救援工作的開展提供科學的理論指導與研究方法,可以廣泛應用于搶險救災、軍事物資調(diào)運等多個方面,具有十分重要的理論價值和應用價值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, natural disasters, public safety and other major emergencies occur frequently in China and even around the world, seriously threatening the safety of people's lives and property. In the face of emergencies, active response becomes the key to solve the problem. The importance of research and development of emergency management and related decision-making system is more prominent. After disasters, a large number of emergency materials are needed to ensure the development of emergency relief work. This makes the rapid and effective dispatch of emergency supplies a primary issue in emergency relief work. In order to quickly transfer emergency supplies to the affected areas, It is necessary to take corresponding traffic control measures on roads, and the implementation of traffic control will inevitably interfere with the normal operation of social vehicles. The research on the transportation of emergency materials under traffic control conditions can not only guarantee the transportation of materials to the affected areas within the prescribed time of emergency, but also minimize the disturbance caused by traffic control. In order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency rescue work. Firstly, this paper analyzes the road and vehicle operation characteristics of emergency material transfer under traffic control conditions. The traffic control model of emergency material transportation based on single point to single point and multiple rescue points is constructed, and the algorithm solution model is designed to solve the problem. The main innovation and contribution of this paper are as follows: (1) aiming at the problem of single point to single point emergency material transportation, the paper analyzes and verifies the validity of the algorithm and model. This paper presents an optimization algorithm of traffic control scheme based on greedy thought. Firstly, this paper studies the problem of single supply point to single disaster point, and considers the specific ways of road section control, that is, full control, half width control and no control. At the same time, the traffic control optimization algorithm based on greedy thought is put forward, which takes the emergency time as the upper limit. The final traffic control scheme can not only ensure that the emergency materials can be transferred to the disaster area within the specified time, but also cause the least disturbance to the people due to traffic control. The experimental results show that the algorithm can obtain the optimal intersection that meets the conditions. The General Control Program. 2) aims at the transfer of emergency supplies with extra rescue points. A traffic control scheme optimization algorithm based on greedy thought and vehicle waiting is proposed to take into account the huge consumption of emergency materials after a disaster. The study of single point to single point problem is extended to multiple rescue points. In the study of multiple points of rescue, there are many different points of vehicles arriving at the same point of congestion at the same time. For this reason, An optimization algorithm of traffic control scheme based on greedy thought and vehicle waiting is proposed. The vehicle waiting scheme and the optimal traffic control scheme are obtained by using FIFO's vehicle waiting strategy for the traffic congestion phenomenon. To ensure that emergency vehicles arrive in common at the same time without congestion, The results of the experiment show that the algorithm is effective in solving the problem of emergency material transportation at the extra rescue points. In this paper, traffic control is carried out to solve the problem of emergency material transportation in the disaster area. In this paper, traffic control is carried out to solve the problem of emergency material transportation. An in-depth discussion on the transfer of emergency materials under the conditions, Using the mathematical model with practical significance, designing a more rigorous model algorithm, studying the problem in the way of layer by layer progression, on the basis of solving the single point to single point problem, the paper makes a more detailed analysis on the problem of more outburst points. And put forward effective solutions so as to provide scientific theoretical guidance and research methods for the development of emergency relief work, which can be widely used in many aspects, such as rescue and disaster relief, military material transfer, etc. It has very important theoretical value and application value.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D632.5

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