本文關(guān)鍵詞： 基本公共服務(wù) 供給效率 公平 協(xié)調(diào)性　出處：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)得到高速發(fā)展。同時,與公民切身利益相關(guān)的需求也在增長,雖然政府已經(jīng)出臺一系列促進(jìn)社會和諧的舉措,但這仍然不能平衡這兩者之間不協(xié)調(diào)增長的矛盾。特別是主要由政府供給的那些與居民生活密切相關(guān)的公共服務(wù)出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重短缺,“十二五”規(guī)劃中也明確指出“我國基本公共服務(wù)供給不足、發(fā)展不平衡”的現(xiàn)狀。然而,提供基本公共服務(wù)是政府的主要職能,是維持社會基本平等穩(wěn)定的基礎(chǔ)。以往國內(nèi)學(xué)者評價基本公共服務(wù)的供給效率主要考察投入和產(chǎn)出兩個指標(biāo)出發(fā),提升基本公共服務(wù)供給效率的途徑無外乎加大投入和提高產(chǎn)出效果兩種方式。就現(xiàn)階段中國實際而言,短期內(nèi)想要通過大幅度增加公共服務(wù)投入是不大現(xiàn)實的,即使在各地方政府財政能力均等的條件下,由于地域差異性,不同的地方政府供應(yīng)同樣的基本公共服務(wù)所需的成本也是不同的。因此,近幾年來,實現(xiàn)基本公共服務(wù)供給的公平即相對平等的資源分配研究成為了熱點(diǎn),大家都企望能聚焦在這個問題上探討提升公共服務(wù)供給效率的另一條路徑,特別是在十八大、十八大三中全會等通過的一系列政策文件出臺后,這個問題更由政策層面深入到理論界的研究領(lǐng)域,引起了廣泛關(guān)注。不管是效率研究還是公平研究,如何解決我國現(xiàn)階段社會各方面的差距,實現(xiàn)公共服務(wù)有效并相對平均的供給成為了與民生相關(guān)的另一個聚焦點(diǎn)。立足上述背景,本文嘗試探討公共服務(wù)供給的新路徑,即效率與公平的協(xié)調(diào)供給,既然以投入決定的產(chǎn)出效果和資源分配的差異程度都會影響到公共服務(wù)的供給,那么能否協(xié)調(diào)好這兩個方面的發(fā)展,找到問題折衷解決的方法則是本文研究的重點(diǎn)。本文從系統(tǒng)理論和福利經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論等視角出發(fā),首先對核心概念如基本公共服務(wù)效率與公平協(xié)調(diào)性等進(jìn)行界定,然后對國內(nèi)外相關(guān)理論及模型方法進(jìn)行梳理。然后運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)教育、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生和社會保障作為基本公共服務(wù)的研究對象,采用2013年我國31個省市的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),利用DEA-Tobit方法對其供給效率進(jìn)行評估,判斷我國東中西部地區(qū)的效率各自存在不同的原因以及外部環(huán)境變量對其的影響。其次,再對基本公共服務(wù)供給公平性進(jìn)行評估,結(jié)合變異系數(shù)、洛倫茲曲線、泰爾指數(shù)測算方法,采用橫向和縱向比較分析。然后,結(jié)合效率與公平結(jié)論通過排序比較法和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分?jǐn)?shù)差值法再對我國地方政府基本公共服務(wù)供給效率與公平協(xié)調(diào)性進(jìn)行分析。最后得出結(jié)論,提出有助于縮小區(qū)域間基本公共服務(wù)的差異,促進(jìn)基本公共服務(wù)相對供給公平,提高效率與公平協(xié)調(diào)性的相關(guān)對策建議。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the national economy of our country has been developing at a high speed. At the same time, the demand related to the vital interests of citizens is also increasing, although the government has introduced a series of measures to promote social harmony. However, this still does not balance the incongruous growth contradiction between the two, especially the severe shortage of public services, which are mainly provided by the government, which are closely related to the life of the residents. The "12th Five-Year Plan" also points out clearly that "the supply of basic public services in our country is insufficient and the development is not balanced". However, the provision of basic public services is the main function of the government. In the past, domestic scholars evaluated the supply efficiency of basic public services by examining the two indicators of input and output. There are two ways to improve the efficiency of basic public service supply: increasing the input and improving the output effect. As far as the reality of China is concerned, it is not realistic to increase the public service investment in the short term. Even under the condition of equal financial capacity of different local governments, the cost of providing the same basic public services to different local governments is different due to geographical differences. Therefore, in recent years, the cost of providing the same basic public services has been different. To achieve the fairness of the basic public service supply, that is, the relatively equal allocation of resources has become a hot spot, and everyone hopes to focus on this issue to explore another way to improve the efficiency of public service supply. Especially after the adoption of a series of policy documents, such as the third Plenary session of the 18 National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 18 CPC Central Committee, this issue has been deepened from the policy level to the research field of the theoretical circle. It has aroused widespread concern. Whether it is efficiency research or equity research, how to solve the gap between the various aspects of our society at the present stage. The realization of effective and relatively average supply of public services has become another focus related to people's livelihood. Based on the above background, this paper attempts to explore a new path of public service supply, that is, the coordinated supply of efficiency and fairness. Since the output effect determined by input and the degree of difference in resource allocation will affect the supply of public services, can the development of these two aspects be coordinated. From the perspective of system theory and welfare economics, this paper defines the core concepts such as the coordination of basic public service efficiency and fairness. Then the relevant theories and models at home and abroad are combed. Then basic education, health care and social security are used as the basic public services research object. In 2013, the data of 31 provinces and cities in China were used to evaluate the efficiency of supply by using DEA-Tobit method. Judge that there are different reasons for the efficiency of the central and western regions of China and the impact of external environmental variables. Secondly, the equity of the basic public service supply is evaluated, combined with the coefficient of variation, Lorentz curve. The method of measuring the Thiel index is analyzed by horizontal and vertical comparison. Then. Combining the conclusion of efficiency and fairness, this paper analyzes the efficiency and fairness of the supply of basic public services of local government through ranking comparison method and standard score difference method. Finally, the conclusion is drawn. Some suggestions are put forward to reduce the differences of basic public services between regions, to promote the relative fairness of basic public services, and to improve the coordination of efficiency and equity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D630

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