【摘要】：目前,信息中心網(wǎng)絡(luò)(ICN,Information Centric Network)正在成為研究的熱點,該架構(gòu)將信息/內(nèi)容作為構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基礎(chǔ),即信息的需求者直接通過信息的名字來獲取需求的信息。內(nèi)容中心網(wǎng)絡(luò)(CCN,Content Centric Network)是ICN的一種典型實現(xiàn),在CCN中,網(wǎng)絡(luò)中擁有信息的節(jié)點首先向網(wǎng)絡(luò)中廣播信息,然后請求節(jié)點據(jù)此向網(wǎng)絡(luò)中發(fā)出請求興趣包,該興趣包如果被擁有信息的節(jié)點所收到,那么該節(jié)點返回請求者所需要的數(shù)據(jù),至此完成一次通信過程。所以CCN不需要像傳統(tǒng)IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)建立固定的通信鏈路。在移動自組網(wǎng)絡(luò)(MANET,Mobile Ad-Hoc Network)下,由于節(jié)點的不規(guī)則移動和信道干擾等原因,傳統(tǒng)IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信時所建立的鏈路極易被破壞,而將CCN引入到MANET中就能夠大大提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的穩(wěn)定性和魯棒性。現(xiàn)有CCN的通信機(jī)制是針對有線網(wǎng)絡(luò)場景而設(shè)計的。如果直接將CCN的通信機(jī)制應(yīng)用到MANET場景,將會導(dǎo)致通信效率的下降。因為在MANET環(huán)境下,如果節(jié)點決定轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)興趣包,節(jié)點會向其通信范圍內(nèi)的所有節(jié)點廣播興趣包,這樣就產(chǎn)生了大量冗余的興趣包。而且擁有信息的節(jié)點有可能收到多個來自不同節(jié)點的同一興趣包,從而返回大量多余的數(shù)據(jù)包,而數(shù)據(jù)包遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于其余的包,所以會大大加重網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)擔(dān)。據(jù)此本文提出了一種基于CCN的路由機(jī)制,減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶寬消耗。該機(jī)制首先對CCN工作的第一階段發(fā)送內(nèi)容廣播包進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,將原始的廣播包拆分為兩種包分開發(fā)送,以此減小其帶寬消耗。其次對CCN中發(fā)送請求興趣包過程進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,使得該興趣包在轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)過程中每次只發(fā)送至其周圍節(jié)點里距離信息擁有節(jié)點最近的一個節(jié)點,最后通過仿真驗證了以上策略的有效性。另一方面,由于車載網(wǎng)絡(luò)在復(fù)雜道路狀況下的通信性能難以得到保證,延遲和丟包率都較高。本文在車載網(wǎng)絡(luò)中引入CCN并對其進(jìn)行改進(jìn),提出了一種通信方案來減少車載網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的帶寬消耗,該方案利用車載網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的路邊系統(tǒng)(RSU,Road Side Unit)充當(dāng)CCN的請求興趣包傳播者,幫助請求車輛尋找到擁有內(nèi)容的車輛,由于在各個數(shù)據(jù)包中添加了地理位置信息,所以內(nèi)容擁有車輛能夠知道請求車輛的位置,由于車輛都擁有GPS導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)且沿著道路行駛,所以內(nèi)容擁有車輛可利用最短路算法計算出請求車輛和自己的最短路,并將該最短路存放到返回的數(shù)據(jù)包中,這樣數(shù)據(jù)包就能夠按照該最短路逐跳傳回至請求車輛。
[Abstract]:At present, the information center network (ICN,Information Centric Network) is becoming a hot research topic. The architecture regards information / content as the foundation of constructing network, that is, the information demanders obtain the information of the requirement directly through the name of the information. Content-centric network (CCN,Content Centric Network) is a typical implementation of ICN. In CCN, nodes with information in the network first broadcast information to the network, and then the requesting node sends out the request interest packet to the network. If the packet is received by the node that owns the information, the node returns the data needed by the requester, thus completing a communication process. Therefore, CCN does not need to establish fixed communication links like traditional IP networks. In mobile ad hoc networks (MANET,Mobile Ad-Hoc Network), due to the irregular movement of nodes and channel interference, the links established in traditional IP networks are easily destroyed. Introducing CCN into MANET can greatly improve the stability and robustness of the network. The existing communication mechanism of CCN is designed for wired network scenarios. If the communication mechanism of CCN is directly applied to the MANET scenario, the communication efficiency will be reduced. Because in the MANET environment, if the node decides to forward the interest packet, the node will broadcast the interest packet to all the nodes in its communication scope, which will result in a large number of redundant interest packets. Moreover, the nodes with information may receive multiple same interest packets from different nodes and return a large number of redundant packets, which are far larger than the other packets, so the network burden will be greatly increased. Based on this, a routing mechanism based on CCN is proposed to reduce network bandwidth consumption. The mechanism optimizes the first stage of the CCN to send content broadcast packets and divides the original broadcast packets into two packets to be sent separately to reduce the bandwidth consumption. Secondly, the process of sending request interest packets in CCN is optimized, so that the interest packets are sent to only one node in each forwarding process, which is nearest to the node with information. Finally, the effectiveness of the above strategy is verified by simulation. On the other hand, the communication performance of vehicular network is difficult to be guaranteed under complex road conditions, so the delay and packet loss rate are both high. In this paper, CCN is introduced and improved in vehicle network, and a communication scheme is proposed to reduce bandwidth consumption in vehicle network. In this scheme, the roadside system (RSU,Road Side Unit) in vehicle network is used to act as the communicator of CCN request interest packet. Help the requesting vehicle find the vehicle that has the content, because the content owner vehicle can know the location of the requesting vehicle by adding geographical location information to each packet, because the vehicle has GPS navigation system and travels along the road. Therefore, the content-owned vehicle can calculate the shortest path of the requesting vehicle and its own by using the shortest path algorithm, and store the shortest path in the returned data packet, so that the packet can be sent back to the requesting vehicle step by step according to the shortest path.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP393.02

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