【摘要】：盡管改革開放以來,我國貧困人口數(shù)已大幅縮減,整體貧困狀態(tài)有所緩解,但部分地區(qū)尤其是像貴州這樣的西部省區(qū)貧困程度還比較深,脫貧攻堅任務依然很重。隨著全面建成小康社會時間節(jié)點的臨近,我國已進入到整體脫貧攻堅的沖刺階段,隨著扶貧開發(fā)工作的不斷深入,依靠傳統(tǒng)的行政手段和政策路徑來解決當前扶貧開發(fā)工作中的深層次矛盾,已顯得越來越乏力。扶貧開發(fā)工作作為本世紀我國最大的系統(tǒng)工程,涉及到幾億人口的生存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)問題。因此,必須以法治思維和法治方式推動貧困地區(qū)和貧困人口脫貧,尤其是要運用法律規(guī)則思考和處理精準扶貧工作中的問題。我國三十多年的扶貧開發(fā)實踐充分表明,只有充分突出法律法規(guī)在我國扶貧開發(fā)中的主導性地位,充分發(fā)揮扶貧開發(fā)法律法規(guī)的規(guī)范、預測、引導和保障作用,依法依規(guī)推進扶貧開發(fā)工作,從根本上解決扶貧開發(fā)實踐中關鍵性問題,如扶貧開發(fā)工作定位模糊、地位不明、任務不清、責任錯位等,才能充分保障扶貧開發(fā)工作的有序性、協(xié)調(diào)性、實效性。貴州作為全國貧困面最廣、貧困人口最多、貧困程度最深的省份,其扶貧開發(fā)工作長期得到黨和國家的高度關注,貴州省委省政府將“大扶貧”戰(zhàn)略作為貴州實現(xiàn)與全國同步小康的重中之重,并在全國較早地啟動了地方扶貧開發(fā)立法工作,以法治手段保障扶貧開發(fā)工作有序開展。盡管如此,由于扶貧開發(fā)工作是一個龐大的系統(tǒng)工程,涉及到方方面面主體的利益,全面脫貧時間緊、任務重、難度大,在扶貧開發(fā)工作推進中,須進一步加大法治力度,強化扶貧開發(fā)工作的立法、執(zhí)法和司法,切實保障扶貧開發(fā)工作有序進行,確保2020年實現(xiàn)與全國同步小康。全文共分為三個主要部分:第一部分扶貧開發(fā)及其法治保障概述。在全面梳理我國扶貧開發(fā)發(fā)展歷程基礎上,揭示了我國扶貧開發(fā)基本內(nèi)涵,從保障扶貧開發(fā)工作有序進行和扶貧開發(fā)工作可持續(xù)開展兩個視角論證了完善我國扶貧開發(fā)法治保障的必要性,并對我國現(xiàn)行扶貧開發(fā)相關法律法規(guī)與政策進行評析。第二部分貴州省扶貧開發(fā)法治保障成效與問題。通過對貴州省現(xiàn)行扶貧開發(fā)法規(guī)與政策的梳理,全面考察貴州省扶貧開發(fā)法規(guī)、政策、措施運行實際狀況,并重點從扶貧法規(guī)制度落實不完善、社會參與扶貧機制不健全、扶貧資金項目管理不到位、扶貧監(jiān)管及其問責不得力四個方面揭示貴州省在法治保障扶貧開發(fā)中存在的主要問題。第三部分完善貴州省扶貧開發(fā)法治保障的建議。針對貴州省扶貧開發(fā)法治保障存在的突出問題,重點保障扶貧開發(fā)法規(guī)的實施、完善社會參與扶貧的機制、優(yōu)化扶貧資金與項目管理、加大扶貧監(jiān)管與問責力度四方面提出完善建議。
[Abstract]:Although the number of poor population has been greatly reduced and the overall poverty situation has been alleviated since the reform and opening up in China, the poverty level in some areas, especially in the western provinces such as Guizhou, is still relatively deep, and the task of overcoming poverty is still very heavy. With the approaching of the time node of building a well-off society in an all-round way, our country has entered the stage of getting rid of poverty as a whole, and with the deepening of the work of poverty alleviation and development, Relying on the traditional administrative means and policy path to solve the deep-seated contradiction in the current poverty alleviation and development work, it has become more and more weak. As the largest systematic project in China in this century, poverty alleviation and development work involves the survival and development rights of hundreds of millions of people. Therefore, it is necessary to push the poor areas and the poor people out of poverty by the rule of law thinking and the rule of law, especially to use the legal rules to think and deal with the problems in the precision poverty alleviation work. The practice of poverty alleviation and development in China for more than 30 years has shown that only by giving full prominence to the leading position of laws and regulations in the development of poverty alleviation in our country, can we give full play to the role of norms, prediction, guidance and protection of laws and regulations in poverty alleviation and development. Only by advancing the work of poverty alleviation and development in accordance with laws and regulations, and by fundamentally solving the key problems in the practice of poverty alleviation and development, such as vague positioning, unclear status, unclear tasks, misplaced responsibilities, etc., can we fully guarantee the orderly nature of the work of poverty alleviation and development. Coordination, effectiveness. Guizhou, as the province with the widest range of poverty, the largest number of poor people and the deepest degree of poverty, has been highly concerned about poverty alleviation and development by the Party and the state for a long time. Guizhou Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government regards the strategy of "big poverty alleviation" as the most important thing for Guizhou to realize the well-off society in synchronism with the whole country, and has initiated the local poverty alleviation and development legislation work in the whole country earlier, and ensured the work of poverty alleviation and development to be carried out in an orderly manner by the means of rule of law. Nevertheless, since poverty alleviation and development work is a huge systematic project involving the interests of all aspects of the main body, the overall poverty alleviation is tight, the task is heavy and difficult, so we must further strengthen the rule of law in the work of poverty alleviation and development. We will strengthen the legislation, law enforcement and administration of justice in the work of poverty alleviation and development, ensure that the work of poverty alleviation and development is carried out in an orderly manner, and ensure that we will achieve a well-off society in line with the The full text is divided into three main parts: the first part is an overview of poverty alleviation and development and the guarantee of the rule of law. On the basis of a comprehensive review of the development process of poverty alleviation in China, the basic connotation of poverty alleviation and development in China has been revealed. In this paper, the necessity of improving the rule of law guarantee of poverty alleviation and development in China is demonstrated from the two perspectives of ensuring the orderly development of poverty alleviation and the sustainable development of poverty alleviation, and the relevant laws, regulations and policies related to poverty alleviation and development in China are evaluated and analyzed. The second part is about the effectiveness and problems of the rule of law guarantee for poverty alleviation and development in Guizhou province. Through combing the current laws and policies of poverty alleviation and development in Guizhou Province, the actual operation of the laws, policies and measures of poverty alleviation and development in Guizhou Province is comprehensively investigated, and the emphasis is put on the imperfect implementation of the laws and regulations on poverty alleviation and the imperfect mechanism of social participation in poverty alleviation. The main problems of Guizhou province in protecting poverty alleviation by rule of law are revealed in four aspects: poor management of poverty alleviation fund project, poor supervision of poverty alleviation and its accountability. The third part consummates Guizhou province poverty-alleviation development rule of law safeguard suggestion. In view of the outstanding problems existing in the rule of law guarantee for poverty alleviation and development in Guizhou Province, it is important to ensure the implementation of laws and regulations on poverty alleviation and development, to improve the mechanism of social participation in poverty alleviation, and to optimize the management of poverty alleviation funds and projects. Four aspects to improve the supervision and accountability of poverty alleviation are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：貴州民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.1

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