本文選題：成熟度模型　切入點(diǎn)：軟件項(xiàng)目　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和計(jì)算機(jī)信息技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代化信息技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為推動(dòng)社會(huì)發(fā)展最有力的生產(chǎn)力要素。在當(dāng)今信息社會(huì)中，任何技術(shù)使用都已經(jīng)離不開(kāi)軟件。因此，從某種程度上來(lái)說(shuō)，軟件產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量高低，將給未來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)一定影響。 我國(guó)的軟件行業(yè)在國(guó)際上起步相對(duì)較晚，這導(dǎo)致軟件產(chǎn)量在國(guó)際銷售市場(chǎng)上的額度比例較低，同時(shí)，有的軟件還存在質(zhì)量不高，故障頻繁等問(wèn)題，讓用戶單位在使用時(shí)，遇到了不少麻煩。分析我國(guó)軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀，可以看出不足：軟件項(xiàng)目管理過(guò)程能力薄弱，缺乏科學(xué)管理過(guò)程體系，軟件管理過(guò)程不夠規(guī)范等。這些問(wèn)題的存在，不僅導(dǎo)致軟件開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程混亂，而且難以充分發(fā)揮新技術(shù)、新理念和新工具的作用，同時(shí)也制約我國(guó)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化軟件項(xiàng)目管理，難以開(kāi)發(fā)出高質(zhì)量軟件，最終無(wú)法滿足市場(chǎng)的需求。好在，國(guó)內(nèi)越來(lái)越多的軟件企業(yè)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始關(guān)注軟件項(xiàng)目過(guò)程能力提高，越來(lái)越重視軟件過(guò)程能力實(shí)踐，加大人力、物力和財(cái)力，積極投資于軟件過(guò)程的改進(jìn)和優(yōu)化，并且取得了可喜的效果。 CMM軟件成熟度模型是由美國(guó)國(guó)防部和卡內(nèi)基·梅隆大學(xué)軟件工程研究所（簡(jiǎn)稱SEI，即Software Engineering Institute）受美國(guó)國(guó)防工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)委托開(kāi)發(fā)和制訂。它于1991年始用美國(guó)，之后廣泛推廣世界各地。被引入中國(guó)后，國(guó)內(nèi)軟件企業(yè)掀起了CMM認(rèn)證熱潮。 本文以一個(gè)化工行業(yè)的A軟件項(xiàng)目為研究對(duì)象，運(yùn)用CMM模型中的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵過(guò)程域，來(lái)分析和解決該項(xiàng)目在實(shí)施過(guò)程中，存在的影響軟件質(zhì)量的一些問(wèn)題。當(dāng)軟件項(xiàng)目使用CMM模型時(shí)，不能完全照搬其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，要按照企業(yè)和項(xiàng)目的自身特點(diǎn)和需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)修改。在本文第3章中，針對(duì)A項(xiàng)目軟件項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)周期各階段的質(zhì)量控制，著重進(jìn)行分析研究。 通過(guò)實(shí)踐工作，，比較CMM實(shí)施前后，發(fā)現(xiàn)A軟件項(xiàng)目在過(guò)程規(guī)范度、開(kāi)發(fā)文檔缺失情況、系統(tǒng)缺陷率、項(xiàng)目延遲率等指標(biāo)上，都較實(shí)施CMM前有了明顯的提高。這個(gè)案例不僅具體說(shuō)明A軟件項(xiàng)目具有質(zhì)量保證、可靠性高、可維護(hù)性強(qiáng)、可追溯性強(qiáng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而且一定會(huì)對(duì)使用該軟件項(xiàng)目企業(yè)的今后發(fā)展，起到積極的作用。 當(dāng)前，我國(guó)的軟件企業(yè)正在不斷地改進(jìn)、優(yōu)化軟件過(guò)程，加強(qiáng)軟件項(xiàng)目質(zhì)量管理，開(kāi)發(fā)高質(zhì)量軟件，加快適應(yīng)快速發(fā)展的市場(chǎng)需求，努力在國(guó)際化的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中占領(lǐng)一席之地。在這樣的形勢(shì)下，希望本文的研究結(jié)果，能給同行帶來(lái)一些借鑒和啟示，在提高軟件質(zhì)量、改進(jìn)軟件過(guò)程中，發(fā)揮自己的一點(diǎn)作用。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and computer information technology, modern information technology has become the most powerful productive factor to promote social development.In today's information society, any technology can not be used without software.Therefore, to some extent, the quality of software products will have a certain impact on the future economic and social development.The software industry in our country started relatively late in the world, which led to a low percentage of software output in the international sales market. At the same time, some software also had problems such as low quality and frequent failures, which allowed user units to use the software.There was a lot of trouble.By analyzing the present situation of software industry in China, we can see that the ability of software project management process is weak, the scientific management process system is lacking, the software management process is not standardized, and so on.The existence of these problems not only leads to confusion in the software development process, but also makes it difficult to give full play to the role of new technologies, new ideas and new tools. At the same time, it also restricts the further optimization of software project management and the development of high-quality software in China.Ultimately, the market can not meet the demand.Fortunately, more and more domestic software enterprises have begun to pay attention to the improvement of software project process capability, pay more and more attention to the practice of software process capability, increase human, material and financial resources, and actively invest in the improvement and optimization of software process.And achieved gratifying results.The CMM Software maturity Model was developed and developed by the Defense Department and the Carnegie Mellon University Institute of Software Engineering (SEI) by the Defense Industry Association of the United States.It was first used in the United States in 1991 and has since been widely spread around the world.After being introduced into China, domestic software enterprises set off a CMM certification boom.In this paper, a A software project in chemical industry is taken as the research object, and several key process areas in the CMM model are used to analyze and solve some problems that affect the software quality in the implementation process of the project.When software project uses CMM model, it can't copy its standard completely, it should be modified according to the characteristics and needs of enterprise and project.In the third chapter of this paper, we focus on the analysis and study of quality control in each stage of the software development cycle of Project A.By comparing the implementation of CMM before and after the implementation of CMM, it is found that the software A project has significantly improved in terms of process specification, lack of development documents, system defect rate, project delay rate and so on.This case not only shows that A software project has the advantages of high quality assurance, high reliability, strong maintainability and strong traceability, but also will play a positive role in the future development of the enterprise using the software project.At present, the software enterprises in our country are constantly improving, optimizing the software process, strengthening the quality management of software projects, developing high quality software, accelerating to adapt to the rapidly developing market demand, and striving to occupy a place in the international market competition.In such a situation, I hope that the research results of this paper can bring some reference and inspiration to the colleagues, and play a role in improving the software quality and improving the software process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TP311.52

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