異構(gòu)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡非均勻分區(qū)多跳路由協(xié)議的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-25 22:21
【摘要】：近年來,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)作為物聯(lián)網(wǎng)底層網(wǎng)絡應用的基礎技術之一,受到國內(nèi)外的關注。由于WSN具有成本低、功耗小且大面積分布的特點,在安全監(jiān)控、物流倉儲、軍事戰(zhàn)爭、環(huán)境監(jiān)測、醫(yī)療護理等領域得到廣泛的應用。然而無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡的能量、計算能力、通信能力都有限,需要采用高效的路由協(xié)議來實現(xiàn)對數(shù)據(jù)的高效傳輸并降低系統(tǒng)的能量消耗。本文首先對WSN路由協(xié)議進行研究,針對EDCS算法和ESEP算法在簇的形成和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方面的缺點,提出了異構(gòu)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡非均勻分區(qū)多跳路由協(xié)議(Unequal Clustering and Multi-hop Routing Protocol of HWSN,HUCM)。作者的主要研究工作與成果如下:1.分析總結(jié)了幾種典型的路由協(xié)議的優(yōu)缺點;2.對EDCS算法和ESEP算法進行了詳細研究,仿真分析結(jié)果表明:(1)EDCS算法在簇頭的選舉及擴展性等方面較平面路由協(xié)議有一定的先進性,但同時也存在一些問題:建立的簇大小是不確定的,采取單一的單跳的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式,這些特點會使網(wǎng)絡能耗加大,加快網(wǎng)絡的失效;(2)ESEP算法適用于三級異構(gòu)的網(wǎng)絡,未考慮剩余能量對成簇概率的影響,在簇的形成和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方面和EDCS算法一樣還存在不足;3.針對EDCS算法和ESEP算法的缺點,提出了HUCM算法:(1)在簇頭的選舉方面:改進閾值T(n),在閾值公式中引入剩余能量、初始能量、剩余能量與平均能量的方差,讓能量高的節(jié)點有更大的幾率成為簇頭;(2)計算簇頭節(jié)點與匯聚節(jié)點的距離,使距離匯聚節(jié)點較近的簇頭建立的簇要小一些,節(jié)約能量用于數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)工作,均衡整個網(wǎng)絡的能耗;(3)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式:采用簇內(nèi)單跳和簇間多跳相結(jié)合的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式,減少了簇頭與匯聚節(jié)點過遠采用單跳的傳輸方式帶來的能耗;4.利用MATLAB對網(wǎng)絡壽命、網(wǎng)絡能耗和基站接收數(shù)據(jù)量等進行仿真,首先通過統(tǒng)計不同簇頭比例下網(wǎng)絡每輪的能耗,確定最佳簇頭比例;其次對EDCS算法和HUCM算法應用于同構(gòu)網(wǎng)絡和二級異構(gòu)網(wǎng)絡進行仿真比較,研究異構(gòu)參數(shù)m和a對網(wǎng)絡性能的影響;最后對ESEP和HUCM算法應用于三級異構(gòu)網(wǎng)絡進行仿真比較。實驗結(jié)果表明:HUCM算法能有效延長網(wǎng)絡壽命,提高能量利用率。在同構(gòu)WSN中HUCM算法的網(wǎng)絡運行時間比EDCS算法延長了約30%,HUCM算法的Sink節(jié)點接收的數(shù)據(jù)量比EDCS算法多了約27%;在二級異構(gòu)WSN中,HUCM算法的網(wǎng)絡運行時間比EDCS算法延長了約15%,HUCM算法的Sink節(jié)點接收的數(shù)據(jù)量比EDCS算法多了約21%;在三級異構(gòu)WSN中,HUCM算法的網(wǎng)絡穩(wěn)定期比ESEP算法延長了約36%,比EDCS算法延長了約18%,HUCM算法的Sink節(jié)點接收的數(shù)據(jù)量比ESEP算法多了約37%,比EDCS算法多接收了約15%。
[Abstract]:In recent years, (Wireless Sensor Network,WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), as one of the basic technologies of the Internet of things (IoT), has attracted much attention at home and abroad. Because of its low cost, low power consumption and large area distribution, WSN has been widely used in the fields of security monitoring, logistics warehousing, military war, environmental monitoring, medical care and so on. However, wireless sensor networks have limited power, computing power and communication capability. It is necessary to use efficient routing protocols to achieve efficient data transmission and reduce the energy consumption of the system. In this paper, firstly, WSN routing protocol is studied. Aiming at the disadvantages of EDCS algorithm and ESEP algorithm in cluster formation and data transmission, a heterogeneous partitioned multi-hop routing protocol (Unequal Clustering and Multi-hop Routing Protocol of HWSN, is proposed for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. HUCM). The author's main research work and results are as follows: 1. The advantages and disadvantages of several typical routing protocols are analyzed and summarized. 2. The EDCS algorithm and the ESEP algorithm are studied in detail. The simulation results show that: (1) the EDCS algorithm is more advanced than the planar routing protocol in the election and expansibility of the cluster head. But at the same time there are some problems: the size of the established cluster is uncertain, using a single hop data transmission mode, these characteristics will make the network energy consumption increase, speeding up the network failure; (2) ESEP algorithm is suitable for three-level heterogeneous networks, and the influence of residual energy on clustering probability is not considered, and there are still shortcomings in cluster formation and data transmission as well as in EDCS algorithm; 3. Aiming at the shortcomings of EDCS algorithm and ESEP algorithm, this paper proposes HUCM algorithm: (1) in the election of cluster head, the variance of residual energy, initial energy, residual energy and average energy is introduced into threshold formula by improved threshold T (n),. Let the high-energy nodes have a greater chance of becoming cluster heads; (2) calculate the distance between cluster head node and convergence node, make the cluster established by cluster head closer to the convergent node smaller, save energy for data forwarding, and balance the energy consumption of the whole network; (3) data transmission mode: the single hop and multi-hop data transmission mode is adopted, which reduces the energy consumption brought by the single hop transmission mode between the cluster head and the convergent node. 4. MATLAB is used to simulate the network lifetime, network energy consumption and the data received by base station. Firstly, the optimal cluster head ratio is determined by counting the energy consumption of each round of the network under different cluster head ratio. Secondly, the simulation of EDCS algorithm and HUCM algorithm applied to isomorphic network and secondary heterogeneous network is carried out, and the influence of heterogeneous parameters m and a on network performance is studied. Finally, the simulation comparison between ESEP and HUCM algorithm applied to tertiary heterogeneous network is carried out. Experimental results show that the HUCM algorithm can effectively prolong the network life and improve energy utilization. The network running time of HUCM algorithm in isomorphic WSN is about 30% longer than that of EDCS algorithm. The amount of data received by Sink node of EDCS algorithm is about 27% longer than that of EDCS algorithm. In the secondary heterogeneous WSN, the network running time of HUCM algorithm is about 15% longer than that of EDCS algorithm. The amount of data received by Sink node of HUCM algorithm is about 21% longer than that of EDCS algorithm. In the three-level heterogeneous WSN, the network stability period of the HUCM algorithm is longer than that of the ESEP algorithm about 36 times, and the amount of data received by the Sink node of the EDCS algorithm is about 37 more than that of the ESEP algorithm, and about 15 percent more than that of the EDCS algorithm.
【學位授予單位】：武漢理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9
[Abstract]:In recent years, (Wireless Sensor Network,WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), as one of the basic technologies of the Internet of things (IoT), has attracted much attention at home and abroad. Because of its low cost, low power consumption and large area distribution, WSN has been widely used in the fields of security monitoring, logistics warehousing, military war, environmental monitoring, medical care and so on. However, wireless sensor networks have limited power, computing power and communication capability. It is necessary to use efficient routing protocols to achieve efficient data transmission and reduce the energy consumption of the system. In this paper, firstly, WSN routing protocol is studied. Aiming at the disadvantages of EDCS algorithm and ESEP algorithm in cluster formation and data transmission, a heterogeneous partitioned multi-hop routing protocol (Unequal Clustering and Multi-hop Routing Protocol of HWSN, is proposed for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. HUCM). The author's main research work and results are as follows: 1. The advantages and disadvantages of several typical routing protocols are analyzed and summarized. 2. The EDCS algorithm and the ESEP algorithm are studied in detail. The simulation results show that: (1) the EDCS algorithm is more advanced than the planar routing protocol in the election and expansibility of the cluster head. But at the same time there are some problems: the size of the established cluster is uncertain, using a single hop data transmission mode, these characteristics will make the network energy consumption increase, speeding up the network failure; (2) ESEP algorithm is suitable for three-level heterogeneous networks, and the influence of residual energy on clustering probability is not considered, and there are still shortcomings in cluster formation and data transmission as well as in EDCS algorithm; 3. Aiming at the shortcomings of EDCS algorithm and ESEP algorithm, this paper proposes HUCM algorithm: (1) in the election of cluster head, the variance of residual energy, initial energy, residual energy and average energy is introduced into threshold formula by improved threshold T (n),. Let the high-energy nodes have a greater chance of becoming cluster heads; (2) calculate the distance between cluster head node and convergence node, make the cluster established by cluster head closer to the convergent node smaller, save energy for data forwarding, and balance the energy consumption of the whole network; (3) data transmission mode: the single hop and multi-hop data transmission mode is adopted, which reduces the energy consumption brought by the single hop transmission mode between the cluster head and the convergent node. 4. MATLAB is used to simulate the network lifetime, network energy consumption and the data received by base station. Firstly, the optimal cluster head ratio is determined by counting the energy consumption of each round of the network under different cluster head ratio. Secondly, the simulation of EDCS algorithm and HUCM algorithm applied to isomorphic network and secondary heterogeneous network is carried out, and the influence of heterogeneous parameters m and a on network performance is studied. Finally, the simulation comparison between ESEP and HUCM algorithm applied to tertiary heterogeneous network is carried out. Experimental results show that the HUCM algorithm can effectively prolong the network life and improve energy utilization. The network running time of HUCM algorithm in isomorphic WSN is about 30% longer than that of EDCS algorithm. The amount of data received by Sink node of EDCS algorithm is about 27% longer than that of EDCS algorithm. In the secondary heterogeneous WSN, the network running time of HUCM algorithm is about 15% longer than that of EDCS algorithm. The amount of data received by Sink node of HUCM algorithm is about 21% longer than that of EDCS algorithm. In the three-level heterogeneous WSN, the network stability period of the HUCM algorithm is longer than that of the ESEP algorithm about 36 times, and the amount of data received by the Sink node of the EDCS algorithm is about 37 more than that of the ESEP algorithm, and about 15 percent more than that of the EDCS algorithm.
【學位授予單位】：武漢理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9
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