【摘要】：目前國內(nèi)苯加氫已成為粗苯精制的必然趨勢(shì)。其中萃取劑N-甲酰嗎啉(NFM)以其以其優(yōu)良的化學(xué)和熱力學(xué)穩(wěn)定性,以及無毒、無腐蝕性,越來越被國內(nèi)外的學(xué)者關(guān)注。以NFM為溶劑的芳烴萃取精餾工藝也受到普遍關(guān)注。本文研究了國內(nèi)外芳烴精制工藝,優(yōu)選了以N-甲酰嗎啉(NFM)為萃取劑的萃取精餾工藝流程。利用Aspen Plus軟件,對(duì)某焦化廠的實(shí)際工藝建立芳烴萃取精餾工藝流程模型,模擬結(jié)果與工業(yè)實(shí)際狀況吻合。在穩(wěn)態(tài)模擬的基礎(chǔ)上,提取出各物流數(shù)據(jù)。進(jìn)而利用Aspen Energy Analyzer軟件對(duì)該物流數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,確定合適的最小夾點(diǎn)溫差。并針對(duì)此工藝流程設(shè)計(jì)出適宜的換熱網(wǎng)絡(luò)。綜合考慮設(shè)備投資費(fèi)用和操作費(fèi)用,經(jīng)過換熱網(wǎng)絡(luò)改造后,該工藝可使熱公用工程的能耗降低30.93%,冷公用工程的能耗降低31.66%,在換熱部分的年度總費(fèi)用總費(fèi)用可減少13.7%。為了滿足控制精度的要求,對(duì)穩(wěn)態(tài)流程進(jìn)行了靈敏度分析,得到合適的理論板數(shù)、進(jìn)料板位置以及回流比參數(shù)。對(duì)經(jīng)過處理的穩(wěn)態(tài)流程,利用Aspen Dynamic軟件,分別對(duì)獨(dú)立控制方案、關(guān)聯(lián)控制方案進(jìn)行流量和組分的擾動(dòng)性能測(cè)試。獨(dú)立控制方案中對(duì)各個(gè)操作單元進(jìn)行獨(dú)立控制,彼此間沒有聯(lián)系。關(guān)聯(lián)控制方案有兩種:一種是將初始進(jìn)料作為后續(xù)所有控制單元的前饋補(bǔ)償信息;另一種是將前一個(gè)操作單元的進(jìn)料作為后一個(gè)操作單元的前饋補(bǔ)償信息。結(jié)果表明,前饋補(bǔ)償信息的遠(yuǎn)近對(duì)操作單元控制的影響也不同。最后結(jié)合兩種關(guān)聯(lián)控制方案中的優(yōu)點(diǎn),提出一種改進(jìn)的控制方案。在改進(jìn)的控制方案中,不僅優(yōu)選了關(guān)聯(lián)方案中的控制結(jié)構(gòu),并將各塔板溫度控制器和塔底再沸器熱負(fù)荷與進(jìn)料的比值(QR/F)進(jìn)行串級(jí)控制,加強(qiáng)了進(jìn)料、塔板溫度和塔底再沸器之間的聯(lián)系。動(dòng)態(tài)性能測(cè)試表明改進(jìn)的控制方案具有較好的控制效果。
[Abstract]:At present domestic benzene hydrogenation has become the inevitable trend of crude benzene refining. Among them, the extractant N-formylmorpholine (NFM) has been paid more and more attention by scholars at home and abroad for its excellent chemical and thermodynamic stability, nontoxic and non-corrosive. The extraction distillation process of aromatic hydrocarbons using NFM as solvent has also received widespread attention. In this paper, the refining process of aromatic hydrocarbons at home and abroad was studied, and the extractive distillation process using N-formylmorpholine (NFM) as extractant was selected. The model of aromatic hydrocarbon extractive distillation process was established by using Aspen Plus software. The simulation results were in agreement with the actual industrial conditions. On the basis of steady state simulation, each logistics data is extracted. Then the Aspen Energy Analyzer software is used to analyze the material flow data to determine the appropriate minimum pinch temperature difference. A suitable heat exchange network is designed for this process. Considering the cost of equipment investment and operation, the process can reduce the energy consumption of hot public works by 30.933and that of cold public works by 31.66after the heat exchange network is reformed. The total annual cost of the heat transfer portion can be reduced by 13. 7%. In order to meet the requirements of control accuracy, the sensitivity analysis of steady state flow is carried out, and the appropriate theoretical plate number, feed plate position and reflux ratio parameters are obtained. Aspen Dynamic software is used to test the flow rate and disturbance performance of the independent control scheme and the associated control scheme respectively. In the independent control scheme, each operation unit is controlled independently and has no relation with each other. There are two associated control schemes: one is to take the initial feed forward as feedforward compensation information for all subsequent control units, and the other is to take the feedforward compensation information of the former operation unit as the feedforward compensation information of the latter operation unit. The results show that the influence of feedforward compensation information on operation unit control is different. Finally, an improved control scheme is proposed by combining the advantages of the two schemes. In the improved control scheme, not only the control structure of the correlation scheme is selected, but also the temperature controller of each tray and the ratio of heat load to feed (QR/F) of the bottom reboiler (QR/F) are controlled cascade to strengthen the feed. The relation between tray temperature and bottom reboiler. The dynamic performance test shows that the improved control scheme has better control effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ241

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本文編號(hào)：2308443