【摘要】：卷鋼運(yùn)輸是鐵路貨物安全生產(chǎn)的重點(diǎn),其由于外形特殊、質(zhì)量大,裝車后不易加固,容易在運(yùn)輸途中發(fā)生位移和滾動,這將導(dǎo)致貨車偏載、偏重,損壞車輛部件,甚至因貨物掉落而造成重大行車事故。近些年來,使用卷鋼座架裝運(yùn)卷鋼成為一種趨勢,既能裝卸方便,又能防止卷鋼破損。 卷鋼座架在投入使用前,需要校核其強(qiáng)度是否滿足運(yùn)輸安全要求,即通過試驗(yàn)?zāi)M調(diào)車沖撞工況,采集座架危險(xiǎn)截面和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)的工作應(yīng)力,再將工作應(yīng)力和材料的許用應(yīng)力作對比,若工作應(yīng)力小于許用應(yīng)力,則座架強(qiáng)度合格,反之則不合格。以往的試驗(yàn)中,主要依靠檢測人員的經(jīng)驗(yàn)判斷座架危險(xiǎn)截面和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)的位置以布置測點(diǎn),存在不確定性。有限元仿真分析能夠很好地模擬座架在調(diào)車沖撞工況下的應(yīng)力分布情況,指導(dǎo)試驗(yàn)測點(diǎn)布置,提高檢測試驗(yàn)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性。此外,應(yīng)用有限元軟件改進(jìn)座架的薄弱部位,經(jīng)仿真計(jì)算合格后再進(jìn)行樣品生產(chǎn)和強(qiáng)度考核,能夠減少試驗(yàn)次數(shù),降低試驗(yàn)費(fèi)用,減少人力、物力和時(shí)間上的投入。 論文采用理論分析和檢測試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的形式,以中鐵聯(lián)合物流股份有限公司生產(chǎn)的RUL-Cl型卷鋼座架為例進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度有限元分析和強(qiáng)度檢測試驗(yàn)。在強(qiáng)度有限元分析部分,首先應(yīng)用剛體力學(xué)相關(guān)理論分析座架在調(diào)車沖撞工況下受到的載荷和約束,并利用Solidworks軟件建立座架實(shí)體模型,利用Hypermesh軟件劃分有限元網(wǎng)格,以及利用Ansys軟件進(jìn)行仿真計(jì)算,通過聯(lián)合建模仿真分析得到座架在調(diào)車沖撞下的應(yīng)力分布情況。強(qiáng)度檢測試驗(yàn)部分,經(jīng)過靜載試驗(yàn)和沖擊試驗(yàn)采集座架工作應(yīng)力數(shù)據(jù)并合成最終工作應(yīng)力。通過對比有限元仿真分析結(jié)果和檢測試驗(yàn)結(jié)果可知：RUL-Cl型卷鋼座架強(qiáng)度不符合運(yùn)輸安全要求;有限元仿真能夠準(zhǔn)確地反映調(diào)車沖撞下座架的應(yīng)力分布情況,仿真模型具有可靠性,模型的建立、載荷和約束的施加、接觸類型的選擇等方法為類似座架的強(qiáng)度仿真分析提供了思路。根據(jù)仿真和檢測的結(jié)果,利用有限元軟件改進(jìn)RUL-Cl型卷鋼座架的結(jié)構(gòu)并再次進(jìn)行仿真計(jì)算,計(jì)算結(jié)果表明,改進(jìn)后的座架強(qiáng)度滿足要求,能夠生產(chǎn)樣品座架及再次進(jìn)行檢測試驗(yàn)。論文最后通過檢測試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證改進(jìn)后的座架強(qiáng)度合格,能夠投入裝運(yùn)卷鋼。
[Abstract]:Steel coil transportation is the key point in the safe production of railway cargo. Because of its special shape and high quality, it is difficult to strengthen after loading, and it is easy to displace and roll in the course of transportation. This will lead to the partial loading, heavy load and damage to the parts of the vehicle. Even because the goods fell and caused major traffic accidents. In recent years, it has become a trend to use coiled steel seat frame to transport coil steel, which can not only be easy to load and unload, but also can prevent the breakage of coil steel. Before being put into use, it is necessary to check whether the strength of the coiled steel seat meets the requirements of transportation safety, that is, to simulate the shunting condition through experiments, and to collect the working stress of the dangerous section and key points of the seat frame. Then the working stress is compared with the allowable stress of the material. If the working stress is less than the allowable stress, the strength of the seat frame is qualified, otherwise it is not qualified. In the previous tests, the dangerous section and the position of the key points of the seat frame were mainly determined by the experience of the examiners, and there was uncertainty in the arrangement of the test points. The finite element simulation analysis can well simulate the stress distribution of the seat frame under shunting and collision conditions, guide the layout of test points, and improve the rigor of the testing test. In addition, the finite element software is used to improve the weak part of the seat frame, and the sample production and strength assessment are carried out after the simulation and calculation, which can reduce the number of tests, reduce the cost of the test, and reduce the manpower, material resources and time input. In this paper, the strength finite element analysis and strength testing test are carried out by taking the RUL-Cl type coiled steel seat frame produced by China Railway United Logistics Co., Ltd as an example in the form of theoretical analysis and testing test. In the part of strength finite element analysis, the load and constraint of seat frame under shunting condition are analyzed by using the theory of rigid body mechanics, and the solid model of seat frame is established by using Solidworks software, and the finite element mesh is divided by Hypermesh software. With the help of Ansys software, the stress distribution of the seat frame under shunting is obtained by the combined modeling and simulation analysis. In the part of strength test, the working stress data are collected by static load test and impact test and the final working stress is synthesized. The results of finite element simulation and test show that the strength of RUL-Cl coiled steel seat frame does not meet the requirements of transportation safety; Finite element simulation can accurately reflect the stress distribution under shunting collision. The simulation model has reliability, model establishment, load and constraint application. The selection of contact type and other methods provide a train of thought for the strength simulation analysis of similar seat frame. According to the results of simulation and test, the structure of RUL-Cl type coiled steel seat frame is improved by finite element software, and the simulation calculation is carried out again. The calculation results show that the strength of the improved frame meets the requirements. Able to produce sample stand and test again. Finally, the strength of the improved seat frame is proved to be up to standard by testing and testing, and it can be used to ship coil steel.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U294.25

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