本文選題：快遞包裝　切入點(diǎn)：綠色化　出處：《山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國快遞行業(yè)伴隨著電子商務(wù)的崛起而迅速發(fā)展,但由于快遞包裝相關(guān)制度的建設(shè)滯后,使得快遞行業(yè)只重視業(yè)務(wù)量的增加而忽略了行業(yè)綠色協(xié)調(diào)的發(fā)展,快遞包裝沒有進(jìn)行有效地回收再利用而成為廢棄物,從而引發(fā)快遞包裝垃圾問題�？爝f包裝垃圾帶來的不僅是我國城市生活垃圾量的增加,也改變了城市生活垃圾組成結(jié)構(gòu)。值得注意的是,隨著農(nóng)村快遞物流服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的建設(shè)與完善,快遞包裝垃圾勢必會(huì)使本來就脆弱的農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境污染更加嚴(yán)重,解決這些問題就需要快遞包裝從設(shè)計(jì)階段就將其整個(gè)生命周期對環(huán)境的影響考慮進(jìn)去。粗淺地將快遞包裝垃圾作為生活垃圾進(jìn)行處置很大程度上也造成了資源的浪費(fèi),這些都違背了我國綠色發(fā)展基本理念。我國沒有完整的《包裝法》,相關(guān)法規(guī)體系的建設(shè)跟不上快遞行業(yè)發(fā)展的步伐,立法機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)加快相關(guān)法律的修訂與完善,使快遞行業(yè)依法進(jìn)行快遞包裝綠色化發(fā)展。快遞包裝綠色化應(yīng)當(dāng)按照循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論明確其基本內(nèi)涵,“減量化、可重復(fù)使用、可循環(huán)再生、可降解化”是快遞包裝綠色化發(fā)展的目標(biāo)。歐盟、德國、日本包裝立法成功實(shí)施的重要原因之一便是引入了生產(chǎn)者延伸責(zé)任制度,并有明確的責(zé)任主體及責(zé)任分配。雖然國內(nèi)相關(guān)立法也有生產(chǎn)者延伸責(zé)任的內(nèi)容,但仍存在主體不清、責(zé)任模糊等問題,相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也存在很多空白領(lǐng)域需要填補(bǔ)。所以要達(dá)到快遞包裝綠色化目標(biāo),首要問題是明確法律責(zé)任主體,其次就是對責(zé)任內(nèi)容的細(xì)化,我國相關(guān)法律偏向原則性要求,這需要相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定,使法律具有可操作性。最后通過經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)手段調(diào)動(dòng)企業(yè)的積極性和主動(dòng)性。依照循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論和生產(chǎn)者延伸責(zé)任制度,快遞包裝綠色化相關(guān)法律制度建設(shè)需要遵循共同但有區(qū)別責(zé)任原則、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化原則、材料無害化原則,依照這些原則明晰政府的管理責(zé)任、企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任、公眾參與的義務(wù)。根據(jù)生產(chǎn)者延伸責(zé)任制度,主體應(yīng)當(dāng)包含快遞包裝制造商、快遞企業(yè)、電商企業(yè)、政府以及消費(fèi)者。隨后是對各方主體責(zé)任的劃分,其中包裝制造商、快遞企業(yè)、電商企業(yè)負(fù)有主要責(zé)任,因?yàn)槠髽I(yè)對快遞包裝設(shè)計(jì)最具影響力,而包裝設(shè)計(jì)決定了包裝產(chǎn)品廢棄后對環(huán)境的影響程度。政府雖不是主要責(zé)任主體,但是卻在整個(gè)制度建設(shè)中最具主導(dǎo)作用,政府通過政策的引導(dǎo)、法制的建設(shè)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的完善、理念的宣傳等行為盡其應(yīng)負(fù)的責(zé)任。國外包裝循環(huán)利用成功實(shí)施重要的一環(huán)是廣泛的公眾參與,這也離不開法律的引導(dǎo)與監(jiān)督。通過建立綠色快遞包裝評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、制定快遞包裝設(shè)計(jì)及技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)構(gòu)建我國快遞包裝綠色化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系。政府通過補(bǔ)貼制度和專項(xiàng)基金來推動(dòng)快遞包裝綠色化體系的建立,在相關(guān)法律沒有完善之前,鼓勵(lì)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)聯(lián)合相關(guān)企業(yè)和部門制定統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),或參照德國綠點(diǎn)公司來構(gòu)建我國第三方快遞包裝循環(huán)利用系統(tǒng),以此加快我國快遞包裝綠色化發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:China's express delivery industry with the rise of e-commerce and the rapid development, but due to the lag of the construction of express package system, the express industry only pay attention to the increase in business volume while ignoring the green industry coordinated development, the courier packaging are not effectively recycled and become waste, causing the express package courier packaging waste problem. The garbage is not only to increase the city life trash quantity in our country, but also changed the structure of city garbage. It is worth noting that, with the construction and improvement of rural express logistics service network, courier packaging waste is bound to the already fragile rural ecological environment pollution is more serious, these problems will require the express package from the design stage will affect the entire life cycle of the environment into account. Some will courier packaging waste as garbage disposal A large extent also caused the waste of resources, these are contrary to the basic concept of China's green development. In our country there is no complete packing method > <, construction of the relevant legal system to keep up with the pace of development of the courier industry, the legislature should accelerate the revision and improvement of relevant laws, the courier industry to express green packaging the development of green packaging in accordance with the law. The courier shall be in accordance with the theory of circular economy to clarify its basic connotation, "reduction, reuse, recycling, can reduce the solution of" express green package development goals. The European Union, Germany, one of the important reasons for the successful implementation of the Japanese packaging legislation is introduced into the extended producer responsibility system and, there is a clear responsibility of the main responsibilities and distribution. Although domestic legislation also extended producer responsibility for the content, but there are still a subject not clear, the problem of responsibility fuzzy, relevant standards also exist Many fields need to fill the blank. So to express green package, the primary problem is clearly the main responsibility of legal responsibility, second is to refine the content, China's relevant laws to the requirements of principle, the need of relevant standards, the law has operability. Enthusiasm and initiative through economic incentives means to mobilize Enterprises. In accordance with the circular economy theory and the extended producer responsibility system, the construction of green courier packaging related legal system should follow the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, the principle of standardization, harmless material principle, in accordance with these principles to clear the management responsibility of the government, enterprise economic responsibility, public participation based on Extended Producer Responsibility obligations. The main system should include courier packaging manufacturer, express enterprise, business enterprise, government and consumer. Then is the main responsibility of the parties to the Division Among them, packaging manufacturers, express company, responsible for the business enterprise, because the enterprise is the most influential courier packaging design, and determine the impact on the environment of packaging waste product packaging design. Although the government is not the main responsibility, but in the whole system in the construction of the most leading role, the government through policy guidance the construction of legal system, standard, perfect, promote the concept of behavior as its responsibility. Foreign packaging recycling is an important part of the successful implementation of extensive public participation, it also cannot do without the guidance and supervision of law. Through the establishment of the Green Express package evaluation standard, design and technical standards of courier packaging construction China express green package standard system. The government to promote the establishment of express green package system through subsidies and special funds in the relevant law is not perfect, encourage Industry Association of the relevant enterprises and departments to develop a unified standard, or reference to the German Green Dot Corporation to construct our country third party courier packaging recycling system, in order to speed up the development of green packaging in China Express.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.68

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