中國稅收法定原則研究
[Abstract]:The controversial discussion on "rule of law" and "rule of man" in China in the last century drew to a close when it was about to enter the new century. In 1999, the amendment to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China added a new clause to Article 5 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China: "The People's Republic of China runs the country according to law and builds a socialist country ruled by law." The rule of law has been formally established in the form of a constitution, and China has since embarked on the road of ruling the country according to law. Since then, in important meetings and documents of the Party and the state, China has repeatedly stressed the rule of law. Under this historical background, the principle of legality of taxation, as the embodiment of the rule of law in the field of taxation, has also stepped onto the historical stage of China. This is the first time that the principle of legally prescribed taxation has been put forward in the central document of our country, and it is emphasized that it should be implemented. Soon after, the Third Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress revised the Legislative Law of the People's Republic of China on March 15, 2015, clearly stipulating that "the establishment of taxes, the determination of tax rates and the administration of tax collection and other basic tax systems" can only be formulated by law and formally established. Moreover, the CPC Central Committee approved the Implementing Opinions on Implementing the Principles of Tax Statutory on March 26, gave a "roadmap" for implementing the Principles of Tax Statutory, and clearly put forward the task of implementing the Principles of Tax Statutory Reform, which will be accomplished by 2020. The principle of legality of taxation is accompanied by the constitutional revolution in Britain and the revolution of democracy and rule of law in the world such as the French Revolution and the American War of Independence. For China, the principle of legality of taxation is an exotic product. How to implement the principle of legality of taxation is an important issue facing the construction of the rule of law in China. This paper is divided into six chapters, including the following main contents: Chapter 1 is the introduction, mainly from the following aspects: research background, theoretical and practical significance, literature review at home and abroad, the main content of the study, research ideas and methods, innovation and shortcomings of the paper, further research prospects and Prospects Chapter 2 is the historical origin of the principle of legality of taxation. Firstly, the paper examines the historical origin of the principle of legality of taxation, studies the history of the establishment and development of the principle of legality of Taxation in Britain, the United States, France and other countries respectively, and puts forward that the ideological origin of the principle of legality of Taxation in politics and law is the theory of social contract. The theory of power and checks and balances, the theory of people's sovereignty, the theory of public choice, the theory of principal-agent and the theory of public finance are the ideological origins in economics and finance. Chapter 3 is the basic theory of the legal principle of taxation. The legal principle of taxation means that taxation must be based on law, without legal provisions, the state can not levy taxes, and the people can not be required to pay taxes. The content of the principle of legality of Taxation includes legality of taxation, legality of taxation elements and legality of procedure. Among them, legality of taxation elements is the core content of the principle of legality of taxation. It requires taxpayers, objects of taxation, taxation items and basis of taxation, tax rate, tax preferences, tax collection and management and other tax elements to be stipulated by law. On the basis of investigating the historical origin and ideological and theoretical origin of the principle of legality of taxation, it is concluded that the essence of the principle of legality of taxation is the consent of the people. Legislation and reality of the principle of legality in China.This paper introduces the course of the establishment and development of the principle of legality of Taxation in China from the ideological, theoretical and legislative aspects.The principle of legality of Taxation has not been established in the Constitution of China.The law of the principle of legality of Taxation has been established successively in China. In fact, the principle of legality of taxation is confronted with two problems: one is that the tax legislation deviates from the principle of legality of taxation. The actual situation of our country is that the tax is levied more according to "regulations" and less according to "laws". In the hands of the administrative organs, the administrative organs deviate from the legal principles of Taxation in the process of implementing the tax law, including transferring authorization at will, changing the elements of Taxation beyond their powers, breaking through the legal principles of Taxation frequently in macro-control and tax reform, expanding the interpretation of the tax law at will, and levying taxes according to the tax plan. Chapter 5 is to implement the principle of legality of Taxation in China. We should implement the principle of legality of Taxation in China, mainly from the aspects of legislation, law enforcement, judicial and legal environment. Macroeconomic regulation and control should be subject to the legal principle of taxation, tax reform should be in line with the law, strictly enforce the power of tax law interpretation of administrative organs, tax no longer set tasks and other major measures. In addition to the implementation of the principle of legality of taxation, it needs the efforts and support of the whole society and all taxpayers. It also needs the corresponding supporting systems, measures and the construction of the environment, including the introduction of the principle of legality of taxation into the Constitution, the change of the current situation of inadequate legislative resources of the NPC, the concept of the rule of law and the construction of the environment. How to implement the principle of legality of Taxation in China is the main problem after the establishment of the principle of legality of taxation. Second, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress exercises the power of tax legislation during the closure of the National People's Congress. Thirdly, it gives the State Council the power to adjust tax rates and tax collection and administration under special circumstances. In one of the following cases, the State Council has the power to adjust taxes. Chapter 6 is the further development of the principle of legality of taxation. In China, the future of the principle of legality of Taxation will be further improved and developed mainly from the following aspects. We should further complete the connotation of the principle of legality of Taxation from two aspects. On the one hand, we should enlarge the connotation of the principle of legality of Taxation given by the Legislative Law. The newly revised Legislative Law only stipulates the types of taxation, and the tax rate and the collection and management of taxation should be legalized. On the other hand, it enlarges the connotation of the "law" of the statutory taxation and brings the local regulations into the scope of the "law". It restricts the power of the legislature. Tax legality requires not only the "law" to determine taxes, but also the "law" to be a "good law". Finally, the highest stage of the principle of tax legality is fiscal legality. Government expenditure is statutory and ultimately statutory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:F812.42
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