發(fā)布時間：2018-07-01 17:27

  本文選題：農(nóng)村居民 + 收入差距�。� 參考：《西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：經(jīng)過改革開放30多年的發(fā)展,我國居民生活水平有了顯著提高。據(jù)國家統(tǒng)計局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù),到2013年年底,我國GDP總量達(dá)到了568845億元(約為9.3萬億美元),其中農(nóng)村居民人均純收入為8896元,扣除價格因素實際增長9.3%,高出GDP實際增速1.6個百分點。1可見,我國農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速,農(nóng)村居民收入水平大幅提升。但是農(nóng)村內(nèi)部、城鄉(xiāng)之間、區(qū)域之間、省際之間農(nóng)村居民收入差距卻呈現(xiàn)出擴(kuò)大的趨勢,農(nóng)村居民收入差距的擴(kuò)大勢必會阻礙我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康發(fā)展。從2003年開始,中央政府連續(xù)11年以“一號文件”的形式關(guān)注三農(nóng)問題,每次落腳點都是促進(jìn)農(nóng)村居民增收,縮小農(nóng)村居民收入差距�？s小我國農(nóng)村居民收入差距,促進(jìn)農(nóng)村居民增收是涉及我國民生的大問題,是保障國民經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展的重要條件。 本文將采用現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方法,結(jié)合農(nóng)村的實際情況,使用極值指標(biāo)體系、離均差指標(biāo)、基尼系數(shù)、泰爾指數(shù)等指標(biāo)分析我國農(nóng)村居民收入差距現(xiàn)狀,利用主成分分析法探析收入差距擴(kuò)大的因素,根據(jù)上述分析提出相應(yīng)的對策建議。全文分為以下五個方面。 第一部分是緒論部分。首先論述的是研究背景和意義。本文研究背景是不斷擴(kuò)大的農(nóng)村居民收入差距嚴(yán)重影響我國和諧社會的建設(shè),并引起了黨和政府的高度重視。農(nóng)村居民收入差距的基尼系數(shù)從1984的0.2770,上升到1997年0.3312,2012年達(dá)到0.3897,按這個趨勢發(fā)展,農(nóng)村居民收入差距的基尼系數(shù)將超過0.4的國際“警戒線”,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村居民貧富差距懸殊,阻礙我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的又快又好發(fā)展。同時,黨的十八大提出解決好“三農(nóng)”問題是工作的重中之重,2014年中央一號文件要求進(jìn)一步加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化。本文研究的意義是期待能對當(dāng)前農(nóng)村居民收入差距的縮小和農(nóng)民增收的問題有所推進(jìn)。因為農(nóng)村居民收入差距問題解決與否,關(guān)系到整個社會的穩(wěn)定,關(guān)系到整個國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)、快速、健康地發(fā)展,對于全面建設(shè)小康社會,構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會,實現(xiàn)共同富裕有著重要的意義。接著介紹了本文的研究思路及方法。其次對國內(nèi)外的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了回顧。國內(nèi)外的學(xué)者利用不同的數(shù)據(jù)和不同的統(tǒng)計方式,通過不同的視角,獲得了很多的研究結(jié)論,給我們提供了很多的理論借鑒和支撐。國外的學(xué)者比較傾向于使用計量模型對我國農(nóng)村居民收入差距進(jìn)行分析,而國內(nèi)的研究大多測算的是東部、中部和西部三大地區(qū)之間的農(nóng)村收入差距,通常按照收入來源(家庭經(jīng)營性收入、工資性收入、財產(chǎn)性收入和轉(zhuǎn)移性收入)進(jìn)行基尼系數(shù)分解。最后指出本文的創(chuàng)新之處與不足之處。 第二部分介紹收入差距的相關(guān)理論、測量指標(biāo)及分析方法。首先界定收入差距的相關(guān)概念。本文對收入(家庭人均純收入和人均可支配收入)、收入分配、收入差距和財政調(diào)節(jié)等概念進(jìn)行了界定。接著介紹了庫茲涅茨倒U理論、地區(qū)與個人收入差距理論。最后介紹了農(nóng)村居民收入差距的測量指標(biāo)與分析方法。其中包括：極值指標(biāo)體系(極值差和極值差率)、離均差指標(biāo)(離均差和相對離均差)、基尼系數(shù)、泰爾指數(shù)和主成分分析法。 第三部分分析我國農(nóng)村居民收入差距的現(xiàn)狀。首先介紹農(nóng)村居民收入的總體收入差距情況。我國農(nóng)村居民收入從2002年人均純收入2476元增長到2012年人均純收入7917元,增加額為5441元,年增長率為19.9%。同時,城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距不斷擴(kuò)大,農(nóng)村人均純收入落后于城鎮(zhèn)人均純收入,且收入差距巨大。接著對我國農(nóng)村居民收入差距進(jìn)行測量。基于極值指標(biāo)體系分析農(nóng)村居民的收入差距,結(jié)果顯示我國自2002年到2012年農(nóng)村居民收入最高的省份為上海,而收入最低的省份有西藏、貴州和甘肅等西部省份。2002年到2012年十多年間極值差率變化一直不大,極值差率從最高值4.605下降到3.951,說明農(nóng)村居民收入的相對收入差距整體趨于縮小。基于基尼系數(shù)分析農(nóng)村居民的收入差距,結(jié)果顯示2002—2012年我國農(nóng)村居民收入差距處于上升的態(tài)勢,在2012年中國農(nóng)村居民基尼系數(shù)已達(dá)到0.3897,正在逼近0.4的國際警戒線。最后基于對農(nóng)村居民收入差距分解的分析。一是基于行政區(qū)劃分解農(nóng)村居民收入差距,結(jié)果顯示我國31個省(直轄市、自治區(qū))的農(nóng)村居民人均純收入差距很明顯,位于東部的上海、北京、天津等城市農(nóng)村居民收入較高,位于中部的河南、湖南、湖北等省市收入水平居中,甘肅、貴州等西部地區(qū)的省市農(nóng)村居民收入處于最低的水平。省內(nèi)差異對居民收入差距貢獻(xiàn)較大,2012年省內(nèi)差異對收入差距的貢獻(xiàn)率為77.6%；省間差異貢獻(xiàn)較小,2012年省間差異對收入差距的貢獻(xiàn)率為22.4%。說明我國農(nóng)村居民收入差距主要來自于省內(nèi)差距。東中西三大區(qū)域之間收入差距呈現(xiàn)不斷上升的趨勢(從2008年的0.0281上升到2011年的0.0330),對總體差距的貢獻(xiàn)較小(2011年為13.4%),而三大區(qū)域內(nèi)部收入差距呈輕微下降的趨勢(從2009年的0.2198上升到2011年的0.2140),但對總體差距的貢獻(xiàn)較大(2011年為86.6%)。二是基于收入來源分解農(nóng)村居民收入差距,結(jié)果顯示家庭經(jīng)營性收入的比重最大(2012年占比44.6%),是農(nóng)民收入的第一主要來源,但總體處于下降的趨勢(從2003年的58.8%下降到2012年的44.6%)；工資性收入比重僅低于家庭經(jīng)營性收入,處于不斷上升的階段(從2003年的35%上升到2012年的43.5%)；轉(zhuǎn)移性收入和財產(chǎn)性收入屬于非農(nóng)收入,雖然占總收入的比重較少,但是對總收入的影響越來越重要,其對我國農(nóng)村居民收入差距的影響也在不斷上升。三是對農(nóng)村居民收入五等份分組,結(jié)果顯示高收入戶增長額增長最快(高收入戶從2002年5903元增長到2012年的19008.89元,增長額為13105.89元,年增長率20.18%),而中等偏高收入戶的年增長率最高(中等偏高收入戶從2002年的3031元上升到2012年的10142.08元,增長了7111.08元,年增長率21.3%)。2002年高收入農(nóng)戶收入為5903元,低收入農(nóng)戶收入為857,2012年高收入農(nóng)戶收入為19008.89元,低收入農(nóng)戶收入為2316.21元,高低農(nóng)戶收入比由2002年的6.89倍增加到2012年的8.21倍,故高低農(nóng)戶的收入差距在不斷拉大。由此可見,農(nóng)村居民收入差距呈現(xiàn)擴(kuò)大的態(tài)勢。 第四部分探析我國農(nóng)村居民收入差距的影響因素。一是歸納影響我國農(nóng)村居民收入差距的主要因素。本文認(rèn)為自然環(huán)境與區(qū)位差異,接受教育水平和技能培訓(xùn)差異,我國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的差異是引起我國農(nóng)村居民收入差距擴(kuò)大的主要因素。二是基于主成分分析法探析我國農(nóng)村居民收入差距。本文選取了農(nóng)村居民人均純收入作為因變量,選取農(nóng)村耕地總面積、農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械總動力、農(nóng)林牧漁總產(chǎn)值、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格指數(shù)、人口城鎮(zhèn)化率和農(nóng)村居民的工資性收入為自變量因素。根據(jù)主成分分析和回歸分析,影響農(nóng)村居民收入因素排名第一的是農(nóng)村居民的工資性收入,回歸系數(shù)為0.3051。其他因素依次為：農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械總動力(0.2055)、人口城鎮(zhèn)化率(0.2048)、農(nóng)林牧漁總產(chǎn)值(0.2032)、農(nóng)村耕地總面積(0.175)和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)價格指數(shù)(0.0244)。 第五部分為研究結(jié)論與對策建議。針對上述影響我國農(nóng)村居民收入差距的因素,提出相應(yīng)的對策建議。首先加強農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),加大財政扶持力度；其次,加大對農(nóng)村地區(qū)科技和教育的財政投入；然后,完善農(nóng)業(yè)財政補貼政策與利益補償機(jī)制；再然后,完善農(nóng)村地區(qū)的社會保障體系；最后,健全農(nóng)村地區(qū)的轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度,推進(jìn)基本公共服務(wù)均等化。
[Abstract]:After 30 years of reform and opening up, the living standard of Chinese residents has been significantly improved. According to the data of the National Bureau of statistics, by the end of 2013, the total amount of GDP in China reached 568845 billion yuan (about 9 trillion and 300 billion US dollars), of which the per capita net income of rural residents was 8896 yuan, the actual growth of the price was 9.3%, and the actual growth rate of GDP was 1.6 percentage points.1. It can be seen that the rural economy has developed rapidly and the income level of rural residents has been greatly improved. However, the rural residents' income gap between urban and rural areas, between regions and between provinces shows an expanding trend, and the expansion of the income gap of rural residents will impede the healthy development of the economy in China. Since 2003, the central government has been 11 consecutive. In the form of "No.1 Document" in the form of "No.1 Document", every point is to increase the income of rural residents, reduce the income gap of rural residents, reduce the income gap of rural residents in our country and promote the increase of rural residents' income, which is the major problem of the people's livelihood in China, and is an important condition to ensure the steady development of the national economy.
This article will adopt the modern economic method, combine the actual situation of the countryside, use the index system of extreme value, analyze the present situation of the income gap of the rural residents in our country from the index of equality, the Gene coefficient, the Tel index and so on, and make use of the principal component analysis to analyze the factors of the widening of the income gap, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions according to the above analysis. The following five aspects.
The first part is the introduction part. First, the background and significance are discussed. The background of this study is that the widening income gap in rural residents seriously affects the construction of a harmonious society in China, and has aroused the high importance of the party and the government. The Gini coefficient of the income gap of rural residents has risen from 0.2770 of 1984 to 0.33122012 years in 1997. To 0.3897, according to this trend, the Gini coefficient of the income gap of rural residents will exceed 0.4 of the international "warning line", which leads to the gap between the rich and poor in rural areas and the rapid and good development of our economy. At the same time, the party's eighteen major issue of solving the "three rural" problem is the most important work. In 2014, the central No. 1 document demanded that The significance of this study is to promote the reduction of the income gap and the increase of farmers' income. Because the problem of rural residents' income gap is solved or not, it is related to the stability of the whole society and the sustainable, rapid and healthy development of the whole national economy. It is of great significance to build a well-off society, build a socialist harmonious society and achieve common prosperity. Then, it introduces the research ideas and methods of this article. Secondly, it reviews the literature at home and abroad. The scholars at home and abroad have obtained many research conclusions by different data and different statistical methods and different perspectives. We provide a lot of theoretical reference and support. Foreign scholars tend to use the measurement model to analyze the income gap of rural residents in China, while domestic research mostly calculates the rural income gap between the three regions in the East, the central and the west, usually according to the income sources (household income, wage income). The Gini coefficient is decomposed into income, property income and transfer income. Finally, the innovations and shortcomings of this paper are pointed out.
The second part introduces the related theory of income gap, measurement index and analysis method. First, we define the concept of income gap. This article defines the concept of income (family per capita net income and per capita disposable income), income distribution, income gap and financial adjustment. Then it introduces Kuznets's U theory, regional and personal collection. In the end, it introduces the measurement index and analysis method of the income gap of rural residents, including the extremum index system (extreme value difference and extreme difference), the deviation index (deviation and relative deviation), the Gini coefficient, the Tel index and the principal component analysis.
The third part analyzes the current income gap of rural residents in China. First, the overall income gap of rural residents' income is introduced. In China, the income of rural residents' income increased from 2476 yuan per capita in 2002 to 7917 yuan per capita in 2012, with an increase of 5441 yuan and an annual growth rate of 19.9%. The per capita net income of the village is lagging behind the per capita net income of cities and towns, and the income gap is huge. Then, the income gap of rural residents in China is measured. Based on the extreme index system, the income gap of rural residents is analyzed. The result shows that the highest income of rural residents in China from 2002 to 2012 is Shanghai, while the lowest income provinces are Tibet, which is expensive. The extreme difference in the extreme value of the western provinces, such as Gansu and Gansu, has not changed much from.2002 to 2012, and the extreme difference is down from the highest value of 4.605 to 3.951. It shows that the relative income gap of rural residents generally tends to shrink. Based on the Gene coefficient, the income gap of rural residents is analyzed, and the results show that the income of rural residents in China from 2002 to 2012. The gap is on the rise. In 2012, the Gene coefficient of rural residents in China has reached 0.3897. It is approaching the international alert line of 0.4. Finally, it is based on the analysis of the disparities of rural residents' income gap. First, it is based on the administrative division to decompose the income gap of rural residents, and the results show that the per capita purity of rural residents in 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China. The income gap is obvious. The income of rural residents in Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin and other cities in the East is higher. The income level of Henan, Hunan, Hubei and other provinces and cities in the central region is in the middle, and the rural residents in the provinces of Gansu and Guizhou are in the lowest level. The differences in the provinces contribute to the income gap of the residents, and the differences in the province in 2012 are different. The contribution rate of the income gap is 77.6%; the contribution of the inter province difference is small. The contribution rate of the inter province difference to the income gap in 2012 is 22.4%. indicating that the income gap of the rural residents in China mainly comes from the gap in the province. The income gap between the East and the East and the west is on the rising trend (from 0.0281 in 2008 to 0.0330 in 2011), to the total. The contribution of the body gap is less (13.4% in 2011), while the internal income gap in the three major regions has a slight decline (from 0.2198 in 2009 to 0.2140 in 2011), but it has a greater contribution to the overall gap (86.6% in 2011). Two is based on the income source disparting the income gap of rural residents, and the result shows that the proportion of household operating income is the most. Large (2012 accounted for 44.6%), is the first major source of farmers' income, but in general a downward trend (from 58.8% in 2003 to 44.6% in 2012); the proportion of wage income is only lower than that of household income, which is at a rising stage (from 35% in 2003 to 43.5% in 2012); transfer income and property income belong to it. Non agricultural income, although the proportion of total income is less, but the impact on total income is becoming more and more important, and its impact on the income gap of rural residents in China is also rising. Three is the five equal group of rural residents' income, the result shows that the growth of high income households is the fastest increase from 5903 yuan in 2002 to 19008 in 2012. .89 yuan, the growth rate is 13105.89 yuan, the annual growth rate is 20.18%), and the annual growth rate of middle-income households is the highest (the high income households of medium high income rise from 3031 yuan in 2002 to 10142.08 yuan in 2012, increase 7111.08 yuan, annual growth rate 21.3%). The income of high income farmers in.2002 is 5903 yuan, and the income of low-income farmers is 8572012 year's high income farmers. Income is 19008.89 yuan, the income of low-income farmers is 2316.21 yuan, and the income of high and low farmers is increased from 6.89 times in 2002 to 8.21 times in 2012. Therefore, the income gap between high and low farmers is widening. Thus, the income gap of rural residents shows an expanding trend.
The fourth part analyses the factors affecting the income gap of rural residents in China. First, the main factors that affect the income gap of rural residents in China are summed up. The difference between natural environment and location, the difference of education level and skill training, the difference of regional economic development in China is the main cause of the widening of the income gap of rural residents in China. Two is based on the principal component analysis method to analyze the income gap of rural residents in China. In this paper, the per capita net income of rural residents is selected as the dependent variable, and the total area of rural cultivated land, the total agricultural machinery power, the total output value of agricultural and forestry and herding, the price index of agricultural products, the urbanization rate of the population and the wage income of the rural residents are the independent variables. Principal component analysis and regression analysis showed that the number of rural residents' income factors ranked first as the wage income of rural residents, and the other factors of 0.3051. regression coefficient were the total agricultural machinery power (0.2055), the urbanization rate of population (0.2048), the total output value of agricultural and forestry and herding and fishery (0.2032), the total area of Rural Cultivated Land (0.175) and the production price of agricultural products. The number (0.0244).
The fifth part is the research conclusion and the countermeasures and suggestions. In view of the factors affecting the income gap of rural residents in China, we put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. First, strengthen the rural infrastructure construction, increase the financial support; secondly, increase the investment in the rural areas of science and technology and education; then, improve the agricultural financial subsidy policy and profit. And then, improve the social security system in rural areas; finally, improve the transfer payment system in rural areas, and promote the equalization of basic public services.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F323.8;F812

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