本文選題：燃料乙醇 + 財政政策　； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：生物燃料是重要的可再生能源。為應(yīng)對國際能源供需矛盾、環(huán)境污染加劇的挑戰(zhàn)，生物燃料已成為21世紀(jì)全球液體燃料最大的增長源之一，其中燃料乙醇產(chǎn)量約占全球生物燃料總產(chǎn)量的3/4。目前，我國燃料乙醇產(chǎn)量還無法滿足國內(nèi)需求，供需缺口巨大，距離完成2020年燃料乙醇1000萬噸的年生產(chǎn)量目標(biāo)還有很大的差距。為了提高燃料乙醇生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的積極性，充分利用生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)能，相應(yīng)的鼓勵政策宜盡快出臺。 本文以燃料乙醇為研究對象,對我國非糧乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)的財政政策進(jìn)行理論分析和政策框架設(shè)計，運用一般均衡模型（CGE）進(jìn)行政策仿真模擬，最后提出支持燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)的財政政策建議。本文取得的主要研究成果和創(chuàng)新點如下。 1.系統(tǒng)分析了燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)財政政策選擇的影響因素。應(yīng)用外部性理論搭建了乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上的政策需求的理論依據(jù)。創(chuàng)新地運用了政策網(wǎng)絡(luò)的羅茨模型構(gòu)建了生物燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)的政策網(wǎng)絡(luò)，并闡析了網(wǎng)絡(luò)主體間的互動關(guān)系，建立了這種互動關(guān)系對當(dāng)前政策設(shè)計影響機(jī)理；創(chuàng)新性地應(yīng)用Howlett和Ramesh的政策工具理論對我國生物燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)出臺的相關(guān)政策內(nèi)容分三階段依據(jù)自愿性政策、強(qiáng)制性政策和混合型政策進(jìn)行分類梳理和分析�；诶碚摶A(chǔ)，進(jìn)行了產(chǎn)業(yè)政策設(shè)計影響因素的系統(tǒng)分析。 2.設(shè)計了燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)財政政策的框架。通過對比美國、巴西、歐盟等乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展較好的國家的政策支持經(jīng)驗，認(rèn)為財政稅收政策是該產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的必然選擇，但是政策工具的應(yīng)用需要結(jié)合本國的實際。然后從加強(qiáng)政策工具的互補(bǔ)性、發(fā)揮混合型政策工具的作用、進(jìn)一步向非糧食為原料的乙醇生產(chǎn)傾斜三個方面設(shè)計了我國燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)財政政策框架。 3.進(jìn)行了燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)財政政策的模擬評價。論文在政策評價方面，構(gòu)建了燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)的CGE模型。在數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上面，構(gòu)建了2010年中國社會宏觀社會核算矩陣（SAM）。依據(jù)宏觀SAM表，通過合理的拆分、合并形成了研究需要的細(xì)分的24部門SAM表。接著從原料種植和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)兩個階段設(shè)計了財政政策情景，并運用構(gòu)建的CGE模型進(jìn)行了政策模擬與評價。 4.依據(jù)研究結(jié)果提出了促進(jìn)燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的財政政策建議。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在非糧種植業(yè)階段和生產(chǎn)階段給與財政補(bǔ)貼都會促進(jìn)燃料乙醇產(chǎn)量和乙醇汽油產(chǎn)量增長，，雖然生產(chǎn)階段的促進(jìn)作用相對更大，但是在生產(chǎn)階段進(jìn)行補(bǔ)貼會引起農(nóng)村和城鎮(zhèn)居民收入的小幅減少，而非糧種植業(yè)階段的補(bǔ)貼能夠提高農(nóng)民的收入。同時，對于宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響也有差異。論文提出了構(gòu)建互補(bǔ)性的階段財政政策工具組合，豐富財政政策支持手段；進(jìn)一步支持非糧乙醇原料種植技術(shù)和生產(chǎn)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新；在全國進(jìn)一步推廣燃料乙醇的使用和提高燃料乙醇在車用汽油的添加比例的政策建議。
[Abstract]:Biofuels are important renewable energy sources. In order to meet the challenge of international energy supply and demand and environmental pollution, biofuel has become one of the largest sources of liquid fuel growth in the 21st century, in which ethanol production accounts for about 3 / 4 of the total global biofuel production. At present, the production of fuel ethanol in China can not meet the domestic demand, the gap between supply and demand is huge, and there is still a big gap between the annual production target of 10 million tons of fuel ethanol by 2020. In order to improve the enthusiasm of fuel ethanol production enterprises and make full use of production capacity, the corresponding incentive policy should be issued as soon as possible. This paper takes fuel ethanol as the research object, carries on the theoretical analysis and the policy frame design to our country non-grain ethanol industry financial policy, uses the general equilibrium model (CGE) to carry on the policy simulation. Finally, it puts forward the financial policy suggestions to support the fuel ethanol industry. The main achievements and innovations of this paper are as follows. 1. The factors influencing the choice of fiscal policy in fuel ethanol industry are analyzed systematically. The theoretical basis of policy demand in ethanol industry chain is established by applying externality theory. The policy network of biofuel ethanol industry is constructed by using the Roots model of policy network innovatively, and the interactive relationship among network subjects is analyzed, and the influence mechanism of this interaction on current policy design is established. Based on Howlett and Ramesh's policy tool theory, the related policy contents of biofuel ethanol industry in China are classified and analyzed in three stages according to voluntary policy, mandatory policy and mixed policy. Based on the theoretical basis, this paper makes a systematic analysis of the influencing factors of industrial policy design. 2. The framework of financial policy of fuel ethanol industry is designed. By comparing the policy support experience of the United States, Brazil, European Union and other countries with good ethanol industry development, it is concluded that fiscal and tax policies are the inevitable choice for the development of the industry, but the application of policy tools should be combined with the actual situation in our country. Then the fiscal policy framework of China's fuel ethanol industry is designed from three aspects: strengthening the complementarity of policy tools, exerting the role of mixed policy tools, and further tilting to the ethanol production of non-grain as raw materials. The financial policy of fuel ethanol industry was simulated and evaluated. In the aspect of policy evaluation, the CGE model of fuel ethanol industry is constructed. On the basis of data, the 2010 China Social Macrosocial Accounting Matrix (SAM) is constructed. According to the macro SAM table, the 24 department SAM table is formed by reasonable splitting. Then the fiscal policy scenarios are designed from the two stages of raw material planting and industrial production, and the policy simulation and evaluation are carried out by using the CGE model. 4. Based on the research results, the paper puts forward some financial policy suggestions to promote the development of fuel ethanol industry. The study found that financial subsidies in both the non-grain stage and the production stage promoted the growth of fuel ethanol production and ethanol gasoline production, although the contribution of the production phase was relatively greater. However, subsidies in the production stage will lead to a small decrease in the income of rural and urban residents, while subsidies in the stage of non-grain planting can increase the income of farmers. At the same time, the impact of macroeconomic differences. The paper puts forward to construct complementary fiscal policy tool combination to enrich fiscal policy support means, to further support non-grain ethanol raw material planting technology and production technology innovation; Further popularize the use of fuel ethanol and increase the proportion of fuel ethanol in vehicle gasoline.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F426.72;F812.0

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