本文選題：新疆貧困縣 + 財(cái)政扶貧資金　； 參考：《新疆財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：貧困是社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩和經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)的根源，是阻礙和諧社會(huì)構(gòu)建的頑疾，如何消除貧困，是目前全世界共同面臨的問(wèn)題。作為發(fā)展中國(guó)家的中國(guó)，人口多，底子薄，自然地理?xiàng)l件、經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)差異大，反貧困任務(wù)艱巨。新疆地處中國(guó)內(nèi)陸腹地，自然條件惡劣，經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)薄弱，貧困人口眾多，貧困覆蓋率較大，扶貧任務(wù)更加艱巨。政府作為宏觀調(diào)控的唯一主體是消除貧困的主要承擔(dān)者，政府的職能也決定著緩解和消除貧困是其必要職責(zé)，世界銀行在《世界報(bào)告》中指出政府的職能分為三種：小職能、中職能、積極職能，其中小職能指政府有保護(hù)窮人，制定反貧困計(jì)劃和消除疾病的職能。新疆在改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度逐步提升，特別是西部大開(kāi)發(fā)以及對(duì)口援助政策的實(shí)施，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速更是處于全國(guó)前列，新疆政府在取得這樣的成績(jī)中發(fā)揮著積極的作用，但還應(yīng)看到目前新疆扶貧任務(wù)的艱巨性，特別是南疆三地州連片特困地區(qū)貧困狀況依然艱巨，政府還需從多個(gè)角度找出減貧的最有效辦法，以最快最有效的方法緩解消除貧困。財(cái)政作為政府宏觀調(diào)控的工具，是消除貧困的有力武器，財(cái)政扶貧也是政府扶貧的主要手段之一，是新疆政府在新時(shí)期完成減貧任務(wù)的必然選擇。扶貧資金的使用是財(cái)政扶貧的主要手段，扶貧資金的使用效率影響著扶貧進(jìn)程，因此，本文的研究具有深刻的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 文章首先從理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義以及國(guó)內(nèi)外研究綜述入手，明晰政府扶貧的含義，并結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外政府扶貧的研究經(jīng)驗(yàn)，明確了政府扶貧的作用機(jī)理和傳導(dǎo)路徑；之后結(jié)合目前新疆貧困縣社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和政府扶貧資金的現(xiàn)狀，從理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)兩方面找出了新疆扶貧工作中存在的問(wèn)題和原因：一是貧困地區(qū)人民純收入雖然增速明顯但距新疆平均水平有一定差距，貧困地區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)落后，特別是基礎(chǔ)教育以及基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生設(shè)施建設(shè)覆蓋率低，難以匹配經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需求；二是貧困地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理，第一、二產(chǎn)業(yè)占比較小，，特色經(jīng)濟(jì)難以形成規(guī)模優(yōu)勢(shì)；三是財(cái)政扶貧資金投入規(guī)模不斷增大，但相對(duì)于貧困地區(qū)GDP的增速偏低，財(cái)政扶貧結(jié)構(gòu)中，能夠?yàn)檗r(nóng)民帶來(lái)更多收入的社會(huì)發(fā)展投入比例小，科技扶貧投入目前不能直接帶來(lái)農(nóng)民收入的直接提升。在分析出問(wèn)題的前提下利用OLS計(jì)量方法，以新疆1994-2013年財(cái)政扶貧資金的總量和結(jié)構(gòu)和貧困縣農(nóng)民人均純收入為指標(biāo)做實(shí)證分析，結(jié)果表明：（1）財(cái)政扶貧資金投入總量和貧困縣農(nóng)民人均純收入之間存在長(zhǎng)期協(xié)整關(guān)系，且隨著人均公共財(cái)政預(yù)算支出規(guī)模的越來(lái)越大，就會(huì)越來(lái)越能提高貧困縣農(nóng)民人均純收入水平從而達(dá)到減貧效果，即貧困人均公共財(cái)政預(yù)算支出每增加1%，貧困縣的農(nóng)民人均純收入就會(huì)增加0.55%。（2）無(wú)論是生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展、社會(huì)發(fā)展還是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)支出都與農(nóng)民人均純收入呈正向相關(guān)關(guān)系，且生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的投入每增加1%能為貧困縣人均純收入帶來(lái)0.04%的增長(zhǎng)；社會(huì)發(fā)展的投入每增加1%能為貧困縣農(nóng)民人均收入帶來(lái)0.1%的增長(zhǎng)；基礎(chǔ)實(shí)施建設(shè)的支出每增加1%能為農(nóng)民人均純收入帶來(lái)0.05%的增長(zhǎng)；科技扶貧支出的彈性系數(shù)為負(fù)，說(shuō)明科技扶貧目前階段并不能直接給農(nóng)民帶來(lái)收入。最后在此基礎(chǔ)上，并結(jié)合新疆“十二五規(guī)劃”，提出在政府扶貧工作中應(yīng)構(gòu)建政府、企業(yè)、非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)以及農(nóng)民個(gè)體四位一體的扶貧機(jī)制，加大人力資本的投入力度，重視貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)民職業(yè)技術(shù)的培訓(xùn)，創(chuàng)新扶貧資金融資渠道，調(diào)整貧困地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和特色產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展模式，將資源優(yōu)勢(shì)轉(zhuǎn)化為經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:Poverty is the root of social unrest and economic fluctuation. It is a stubborn disease that hinders the construction of a harmonious society. How to eliminate poverty is the common problem facing the whole world. As a developing country, China has a large population, a thin foundation, a natural geographical condition, a large economic base, and a difficult task of anti poverty. Xinjiang is located in the hinterland of China and the natural conditions. Abominable, weak economic base, a large population of poverty, large poverty coverage, and more arduous tasks for poverty alleviation. The government as the only main body of macro regulation is to eliminate the main undertakers of poverty. The functions of the government also determine the necessary responsibility for alleviating and eliminating poverty. The world bank in the world report points out that the functions of the government are divided into three kinds. Small functions, medium functions and positive functions, among which small functions refer to the function of the government to protect the poor, make the anti poverty plan and eliminate the disease. Since the reform and opening up of Xinjiang, the speed of social and economic development has been gradually improved, especially in the western development and the implementation of the counterpart aid policy. The economic growth is in the forefront of the country, and the government of Xinjiang is taking it. This achievement plays a positive role, but we should also see the arduous nature of the task of poverty alleviation in Xinjiang, especially the arduous situation of poverty in the three prefectures and prefectures in southern Xinjiang. The government needs to find out the most effective ways to reduce poverty in many ways, and alleviate poverty by the fastest and most effective method. Finance is the macro regulation of government. The tool is a powerful weapon to eliminate poverty. Financial poverty alleviation is one of the main means of the government's poverty alleviation. It is the inevitable choice for the government of Xinjiang to accomplish the task of reducing poverty in the new period. The use of the poverty alleviation fund is the main means of financial poverty alleviation, and the use efficiency of the poverty alleviation funds affects the process of helping the poor. Therefore, the research of this paper has profound theory. And the real meaning.
The article begins with the theoretical significance and practical significance as well as the domestic and foreign research review, clarifies the meaning of the government's poverty alleviation, and combines the research experience of the government's poverty alleviation at home and abroad, and clarifies the mechanism and transmission path of the government's poverty alleviation, and then combines the present situation of the social and economic development and the government's poverty alleviation funds in the poor counties of Xinjiang. The two aspects of reality have been found out the problems and reasons in the work of poverty alleviation in Xinjiang: first, although the people's pure income in poor areas has a clear gap between the average level of Xinjiang and the poor infrastructure construction, especially the low coverage of basic education and basic medical facilities, it is difficult to match the economic development. The two is that the industrial structure of the poor areas is unreasonable, the first, second industry is relatively small, the characteristic economy is difficult to form the scale advantage, and the three is the increase in the investment scale of the financial aid for poverty, but relative to the low growth rate of the GDP in the poor areas, the social development investment that can bring more income to farmers in the financial poverty alleviation structure is small. On the premise of the analysis of the problems, the total amount and structure of the 1994-2013 year financial aid for poverty in Xinjiang and the per capita net income of the farmers in poor counties are analyzed. The results show that: (1) the total amount of financial aid for poor funds and the farmers in poor counties. There is a long-term co integration relationship between the per capita net income of the people, and with the increasing scale of the per capita public finance budget, it will increase the per capita net income level of the farmers in poor counties to achieve the effect of reducing poverty. That is, the per capita public finance budget of poverty increases by 1%, and the per capita net income of farmers in poor counties will increase by 0.55%. (2). ) whether it is the development of production, social development or infrastructure construction expenditure has a positive correlation with the per capita net income of farmers, and the input of 1% of production and development can bring 0.04% growth for the per capita net income of poor counties, and the investment of 1% for the social development can bring 0.1% growth for the per capita income of the poor county farmers; The increase of 1% of the expenditure for construction can bring 0.05% growth for the per capita net income of farmers, and the elastic coefficient of scientific and technological support for poverty is negative. It shows that the current stage of poverty reduction in science and technology can not bring the income directly to the farmers. On the basis of this, combined with the "12th Five-Year plan" in Xinjiang, the government should be constructed in the government's poverty alleviation work. Industry, non-profit organizations and farmers' individual four body poverty alleviation mechanism, increase the investment of human capital, pay attention to the training of farmers' professional technology in poor areas, innovate the financing channels of poverty alleviation funds, adjust the economic structure and characteristic industry development mode of the poor areas, and transform the resources advantage into economic advantage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F812.7

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