本文選題：財政支出 + 農(nóng)村貧困　； 參考：《東北師范大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：貧困一直是經(jīng)濟學家們研究的重要課題。如果一個國家貧困人口占有較大的比重，不僅影響該國的經(jīng)濟增長，而且還影響社會的穩(wěn)定。市場經(jīng)濟是一種優(yōu)勝劣汰，適者生存的經(jīng)濟，而貧困不僅是市場效率問題，更是收入分配的公平問題，解決貧困問題需要兼顧市場機制與政府調(diào)控的雙重作用。政府作為公共資源配置的主體，黨的十八屆三中全會特別強調(diào)財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付對農(nóng)村貧困的調(diào)節(jié)作用。因此，反貧困是政府不可推卸的責任，也是實現(xiàn)我國社會主義共同富裕的基本要求，所以，探討我國財政支出的減貧效果具有非常重要的意義。 本文以財政支出視角研究農(nóng)村貧困問題。通過構(gòu)建財政支出、經(jīng)濟增長與農(nóng)村貧困作用的理論模型，運用實證研究方法驗證財政支出的減貧效果。本文采用理論分析與實證分析相結(jié)合、定性分析與定量分析相結(jié)合、規(guī)范分析與政策分析相結(jié)合的方法，完成如下主要研究內(nèi)容。 第一，財政支出與農(nóng)村貧困關(guān)系的理論闡釋。分別從發(fā)展經(jīng)濟學、政治經(jīng)濟學、人口學、社會學等學科對貧困理論、貧困的內(nèi)涵、類型及測量方法進行梳理；從西方經(jīng)濟學、財政學角度對財政支出理論進行歸納，對本文所涉及的財政支出概念與類型進行科學界定，并選擇與貧困相關(guān)的財政支出作為本文的財政支出尺度，為本文的研究奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。 第二，我國財政支出與農(nóng)村貧困的現(xiàn)狀及關(guān)系。首先，總結(jié)我國財政支出規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，對各省財政支出進行比較，分析我國財政支出的變化趨勢；其次，根據(jù)宏觀統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)測算我國農(nóng)村貧困率，明確我國農(nóng)村的貧困程度和貧困分布及貧困特征；最后，研究財政支出與農(nóng)村貧困的關(guān)系，分析財政支出與農(nóng)村貧困的變化規(guī)律，將各省財政支出規(guī)模進行聚類，并結(jié)合各省農(nóng)村的貧困程度比較各省財政支出與農(nóng)村貧困的省際差距。 第三，財政支出、經(jīng)濟增長與農(nóng)村貧困的理論構(gòu)建�；诨A(chǔ)理論，首先，總結(jié)農(nóng)村減貧因素；然后，分析財政支出、經(jīng)濟增長對農(nóng)村貧困的作用機制，明確財政支出如何影響農(nóng)村貧困，構(gòu)建財政支出、經(jīng)濟增長與農(nóng)村貧困三者相互作用的理論模型，，為后續(xù)的實證研究奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。 第四，財政支出減貧效果的實證研究。依據(jù)財政支出、經(jīng)濟增長與農(nóng)村貧困的理論模型，從直接和間接兩條路徑驗證不同類型財政支出規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)對農(nóng)村貧困的影響，并比較各類財政支出對各類農(nóng)村貧困的貢獻度。以微觀調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，定量分析財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付的減貧效果，對宏觀數(shù)據(jù)的驗證結(jié)果進行進一步的佐證。 第五，國外農(nóng)村反貧困措施的經(jīng)驗借鑒。首先，總結(jié)日本、印度、美國等發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家在反貧困過程中，緩解絕對貧困和相對貧困方面的主要措施；其次，分析日本、印度、美國等國家在反貧困過程中的成功經(jīng)驗；最后，探討國外反貧困措施對我國農(nóng)村緩解絕對貧困和相對貧困的經(jīng)驗借鑒。 最后，本文研究結(jié)論與政府建議。根據(jù)理論分析與定量分析的結(jié)果，探討我國財政支出實現(xiàn)持續(xù)減貧的可行性途徑，并提出經(jīng)濟開發(fā)+能力開發(fā)+社會保障并重的反貧困措施。
[Abstract]:Poverty has always been an important topic for economists' research. If a country has a large proportion of poor people, it not only affects the economic growth of the country, but also affects the stability of the society. The market economy is a survival of the fittest, the survival of the fittest, and poverty is not only the problem of the efficiency of the market, but also the fair problem of the distribution of income. The problem of poverty needs both the market mechanism and the government regulation. As the main body of the allocation of public resources, the party's the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee emphasizes the role of fiscal transfer payment on rural poverty. Therefore, anti poverty is the government's inshirkable responsibility and the basic requirement to realize the common prosperity of socialism in China. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the effect of fiscal expenditure on poverty reduction in China.
This paper studies rural poverty from the perspective of financial expenditure. Through the construction of the theoretical model of fiscal expenditure, economic growth and rural poverty, this paper uses empirical research to verify the effect of financial expenditure on poverty reduction. This paper combines theoretical analysis with empirical analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, normative analysis and policy analysis. The following main research contents are completed by the method of combining.
First, the theoretical interpretation of the relationship between financial expenditure and rural poverty. From the development economics, political economics, demography, sociology and other disciplines, the theory of poverty, the connotation, types and methods of poverty are combed. The theory of financial expenditure is summarized from the perspective of western economics and finance, and the financial expenditure involved in this article is discussed. We should make a scientific definition of the type and choose the financial expenditure related to poverty as the financial expenditure scale of this paper, which will lay a theoretical foundation for this study.
Second, the current situation and relationship between China's financial expenditure and rural poverty. First, we sum up the changes in the scale and structure of our financial expenditure, compare the financial expenditure of all provinces, analyze the change trend of our financial expenditure; secondly, calculate the poor rural poverty rate in China according to the macro statistical data, and make clear the poverty degree and the distribution of poverty in the rural areas of China. In the end, we study the relationship between financial expenditure and rural poverty, analyze the changing rules of financial expenditure and rural poverty, cluster the scale of financial expenditure in each province, and compare the inter provincial gap between the provincial financial expenditure and the rural poverty in combination with the poverty degree of the provinces in the provinces.
Third, financial expenditure, economic growth and rural poverty theory construction. Based on basic theory, first, summarize the factors of rural poverty reduction; then, analyze the financial expenditure, the mechanism of economic growth on rural poverty, how financial expenditure affects rural poverty, Gou Jiancai's government expenditure, economic growth and the interaction of three rural poverty in rural areas. The model lays a theoretical foundation for subsequent empirical research.
Fourth, an empirical study of the effect of financial expenditure on poverty reduction. Based on the theoretical model of financial expenditure, economic growth and rural poverty, the impact of the scale and structure of different types of financial expenditure on the rural poverty is verified from the direct and indirect two paths, and the contribution of various kinds of financial expenditure to various rural poverty is compared. Based on the microcosmic survey data On the basis of quantitative analysis of the effect of financial transfer payment on poverty reduction, the verification results of macro data are further corroborated.
Fifth, the experience of foreign rural anti poverty measures. First, summarize the main measures to alleviate absolute poverty and relative poverty in the anti poverty process of developed countries and developing countries such as Japan, India, the United States and other developing countries. Secondly, analyze the successful experience of Japan, India, the United States and other countries in the process of anti poverty; finally, discuss the foreign counter measures. The experience of poverty measures in alleviating absolute poverty and relative poverty in China's rural areas.
Finally, this paper studies the conclusion and the government proposal. Based on the results of theoretical analysis and quantitative analysis, this paper discusses the feasible way to realize the sustained poverty reduction in China's financial expenditure, and puts forward the anti poverty measures which are equal to the economic development + capacity development + social security.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F812.8;F323.8

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