本文選題：財(cái)政支出 + 農(nóng)村貧困　； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：貧困一直是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們研究的重要課題。如果一個(gè)國(guó)家貧困人口占有較大的比重，不僅影響該國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，而且還影響社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定。市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)是一種優(yōu)勝劣汰，適者生存的經(jīng)濟(jì)，而貧困不僅是市場(chǎng)效率問(wèn)題，更是收入分配的公平問(wèn)題，解決貧困問(wèn)題需要兼顧市場(chǎng)機(jī)制與政府調(diào)控的雙重作用。政府作為公共資源配置的主體，黨的十八屆三中全會(huì)特別強(qiáng)調(diào)財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付對(duì)農(nóng)村貧困的調(diào)節(jié)作用。因此，反貧困是政府不可推卸的責(zé)任，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)社會(huì)主義共同富裕的基本要求，所以，探討我國(guó)財(cái)政支出的減貧效果具有非常重要的意義。 本文以財(cái)政支出視角研究農(nóng)村貧困問(wèn)題。通過(guò)構(gòu)建財(cái)政支出、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與農(nóng)村貧困作用的理論模型，運(yùn)用實(shí)證研究方法驗(yàn)證財(cái)政支出的減貧效果。本文采用理論分析與實(shí)證分析相結(jié)合、定性分析與定量分析相結(jié)合、規(guī)范分析與政策分析相結(jié)合的方法，完成如下主要研究?jī)?nèi)容。 第一，財(cái)政支出與農(nóng)村貧困關(guān)系的理論闡釋。分別從發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、人口學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)等學(xué)科對(duì)貧困理論、貧困的內(nèi)涵、類型及測(cè)量方法進(jìn)行梳理；從西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、財(cái)政學(xué)角度對(duì)財(cái)政支出理論進(jìn)行歸納，對(duì)本文所涉及的財(cái)政支出概念與類型進(jìn)行科學(xué)界定，并選擇與貧困相關(guān)的財(cái)政支出作為本文的財(cái)政支出尺度，為本文的研究奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。 第二，我國(guó)財(cái)政支出與農(nóng)村貧困的現(xiàn)狀及關(guān)系。首先，總結(jié)我國(guó)財(cái)政支出規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，對(duì)各省財(cái)政支出進(jìn)行比較，分析我國(guó)財(cái)政支出的變化趨勢(shì)；其次，根據(jù)宏觀統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)算我國(guó)農(nóng)村貧困率，明確我國(guó)農(nóng)村的貧困程度和貧困分布及貧困特征；最后，研究財(cái)政支出與農(nóng)村貧困的關(guān)系，分析財(cái)政支出與農(nóng)村貧困的變化規(guī)律，將各省財(cái)政支出規(guī)模進(jìn)行聚類，并結(jié)合各省農(nóng)村的貧困程度比較各省財(cái)政支出與農(nóng)村貧困的省際差距。 第三，財(cái)政支出、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與農(nóng)村貧困的理論構(gòu)建�；诨A(chǔ)理論，首先，總結(jié)農(nóng)村減貧因素；然后，分析財(cái)政支出、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)農(nóng)村貧困的作用機(jī)制，明確財(cái)政支出如何影響農(nóng)村貧困，構(gòu)建財(cái)政支出、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與農(nóng)村貧困三者相互作用的理論模型，，為后續(xù)的實(shí)證研究奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。 第四，財(cái)政支出減貧效果的實(shí)證研究。依據(jù)財(cái)政支出、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與農(nóng)村貧困的理論模型，從直接和間接兩條路徑驗(yàn)證不同類型財(cái)政支出規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)農(nóng)村貧困的影響，并比較各類財(cái)政支出對(duì)各類農(nóng)村貧困的貢獻(xiàn)度。以微觀調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，定量分析財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付的減貧效果，對(duì)宏觀數(shù)據(jù)的驗(yàn)證結(jié)果進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的佐證。 第五，國(guó)外農(nóng)村反貧困措施的經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒。首先，總結(jié)日本、印度、美國(guó)等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家在反貧困過(guò)程中，緩解絕對(duì)貧困和相對(duì)貧困方面的主要措施；其次，分析日本、印度、美國(guó)等國(guó)家在反貧困過(guò)程中的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)；最后，探討國(guó)外反貧困措施對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)村緩解絕對(duì)貧困和相對(duì)貧困的經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒。 最后，本文研究結(jié)論與政府建議。根據(jù)理論分析與定量分析的結(jié)果，探討我國(guó)財(cái)政支出實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)減貧的可行性途徑，并提出經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)+能力開(kāi)發(fā)+社會(huì)保障并重的反貧困措施。
[Abstract]:Poverty has always been an important topic for economists' research. If a country has a large proportion of poor people, it not only affects the economic growth of the country, but also affects the stability of the society. The market economy is a survival of the fittest, the survival of the fittest, and poverty is not only the problem of the efficiency of the market, but also the fair problem of the distribution of income. The problem of poverty needs both the market mechanism and the government regulation. As the main body of the allocation of public resources, the party's the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee emphasizes the role of fiscal transfer payment on rural poverty. Therefore, anti poverty is the government's inshirkable responsibility and the basic requirement to realize the common prosperity of socialism in China. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the effect of fiscal expenditure on poverty reduction in China.
This paper studies rural poverty from the perspective of financial expenditure. Through the construction of the theoretical model of fiscal expenditure, economic growth and rural poverty, this paper uses empirical research to verify the effect of financial expenditure on poverty reduction. This paper combines theoretical analysis with empirical analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, normative analysis and policy analysis. The following main research contents are completed by the method of combining.
First, the theoretical interpretation of the relationship between financial expenditure and rural poverty. From the development economics, political economics, demography, sociology and other disciplines, the theory of poverty, the connotation, types and methods of poverty are combed. The theory of financial expenditure is summarized from the perspective of western economics and finance, and the financial expenditure involved in this article is discussed. We should make a scientific definition of the type and choose the financial expenditure related to poverty as the financial expenditure scale of this paper, which will lay a theoretical foundation for this study.
Second, the current situation and relationship between China's financial expenditure and rural poverty. First, we sum up the changes in the scale and structure of our financial expenditure, compare the financial expenditure of all provinces, analyze the change trend of our financial expenditure; secondly, calculate the poor rural poverty rate in China according to the macro statistical data, and make clear the poverty degree and the distribution of poverty in the rural areas of China. In the end, we study the relationship between financial expenditure and rural poverty, analyze the changing rules of financial expenditure and rural poverty, cluster the scale of financial expenditure in each province, and compare the inter provincial gap between the provincial financial expenditure and the rural poverty in combination with the poverty degree of the provinces in the provinces.
Third, financial expenditure, economic growth and rural poverty theory construction. Based on basic theory, first, summarize the factors of rural poverty reduction; then, analyze the financial expenditure, the mechanism of economic growth on rural poverty, how financial expenditure affects rural poverty, Gou Jiancai's government expenditure, economic growth and the interaction of three rural poverty in rural areas. The model lays a theoretical foundation for subsequent empirical research.
Fourth, an empirical study of the effect of financial expenditure on poverty reduction. Based on the theoretical model of financial expenditure, economic growth and rural poverty, the impact of the scale and structure of different types of financial expenditure on the rural poverty is verified from the direct and indirect two paths, and the contribution of various kinds of financial expenditure to various rural poverty is compared. Based on the microcosmic survey data On the basis of quantitative analysis of the effect of financial transfer payment on poverty reduction, the verification results of macro data are further corroborated.
Fifth, the experience of foreign rural anti poverty measures. First, summarize the main measures to alleviate absolute poverty and relative poverty in the anti poverty process of developed countries and developing countries such as Japan, India, the United States and other developing countries. Secondly, analyze the successful experience of Japan, India, the United States and other countries in the process of anti poverty; finally, discuss the foreign counter measures. The experience of poverty measures in alleviating absolute poverty and relative poverty in China's rural areas.
Finally, this paper studies the conclusion and the government proposal. Based on the results of theoretical analysis and quantitative analysis, this paper discusses the feasible way to realize the sustained poverty reduction in China's financial expenditure, and puts forward the anti poverty measures which are equal to the economic development + capacity development + social security.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F812.8;F323.8

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